摘要:

Quantitative changes (dilution plate count, biomass of mycelium and spores, total number of fungal elements) were studied in soil micromycete populations collected from spruce forest soil after the application of four types of herbicides (Basagran, Oxytril CM, Labuctri l25 and Faneron 50 WP). The total number of colonies was not affected significantly (at 5% level of statistical significance) by the herbicide application, except for the variant treated with Labuctril. Increased values of mycelium biomass (Labuctril, Faneron) and lower total numbers of fungal elements and of spore biomass (Basagran, Oxytril, Faneron) were recorded in the treated areas. The most significant effect (at 5% level of statistical significance) was observed in the area treated with Labuctril.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754433

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A two year study was undertaken to compare organic peach (Prunus persica(L.) Batsch) production with conventional production. Peach trees treated with nitrogen containing fertilizers (dairy manure and NH4NO3) were more vigorous, productive, and cold hardy than trees treated with an organic seaweed product or the nontreated controls. Organic production inputs were more costly than conventional inputs, however, these greater costs were more than compensated for by high market prices which lead to higher net returns for organically produced peaches. A taste test found no significant preference for either organic or conventional peaches.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754434

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Phospho-compost was prepared by composting varying amounts of low grade rockphosphate (PR) with mixture of different kinds of farm waste. All the levels of PR incorporation increased the loss of organic matter during the time of composting but maximum loss (41.1%) was found with the mixing of 1 kg PR per 3.65 kg waste on a dry weight basis. The water soluble P2O5decreased with increasing the amount of PR while organic and citrate soluble P2O5increased significantly. The higher level of PR (2.5 kg per 3.65 kg dry waste) reduced the concentration of both organic and citrate soluble P. Phospho-compost prepared by enrichment with 1 kg PR per 3.65 kg waste was found to be as good as single superphosphate in micro-plot field experiments taking moongbean and wheat as the test crops.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754435

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The productivity of industrialized agricultural systems is dependent upon fossil fuel energy subsidies. The high cost of fossil energy has prompted considerable research on conservation and alternative energy sources, primarily in the United States and Europe. Little research, however, has been conducted in Italy where the agricultural sector is developing rapidly and fuel costs are exceedingly high. The objectives of this research were l) to determine the regional energy input and efficiency of Italian agriculture, and 2) to suggest alternatives to high energy inputs, in particular, mineral fertilizers. Energy values were determined for each of the 20 regions in Italy using a process analysis approach. The results showed that agriculture in Italy was energy efficient due in part to geographic constraints. In the future, energy efficiency will decline and agricultural chemicals will play an increasingly important role in “modern” Italian agriculture. Not only does this represent a high pecuniary and energy cost, but a potential environmental hazard as well. Alternatives to mineral fertilizer use has been the subject of considerable research in Italy. Agriculturalists need to make greater use of animal and municipal wastes as sources of plant nutrients.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754436

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Since the advent of the Industrial Revolution modern agriculture has gravitated towards the use primarily of macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5), potash (K2O), and lime for crop production, with an emphasis on micronutrients only when they became yield-limiting. The values of plant quality and soil conditions were minimized. The importance of soil organic matter and humic substances in crop growth were concurrently deemphasized. Yet, it is understood that nearly all soil processes tie closely to soil biological activities such as mineralization, immobilization, N-fixation, and nitrification. The organic fraction of soils, and the rhizosphere zone with its root exudates, contain organic substances in very low concentrations which can stimulate plant growth substantially. These substances include humic substances, growth regulators, vitamins, antibiotics, organic acids, and other materials. Certain added organic substances can also benefit plant growth in very low concentrations, sometimes with as little as 2×10−4kg/ha for triacontanol. The very important link between soil organic matter and active soil biological processes in aiding plant growth thus becomes even more important when it is understood that many organic substances present in very low concentrations can produce significant plant responses. Macronutrients, micronutrients and other common soil amendments cannot be considered exclusively when attempting to maximize soil fertility and plant growth.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754437

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754438

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754439

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754440

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754441

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1985.9754432

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor