摘要:

wof the Analytical Division ofThe Chemical SocietyCONTENTS355 Fourth International LiquidScintillation CountingSymposium356 Summary of Paper'The Measurement and Toxicityof Metallic and OrganicSpecies'360 Safety in AnalyticalLaboratories: The Contentsof a Laboratory SafetyManual363 Equipment News367 Analytical Chemistry TrustFund367 Publications Received370 New Professor of AnalyticalChemistry370 Conferences and Meetings372 Analytical Division DiaryVolume 14 .No 12 Pages 355-372 December 197PADSDZ 14(12)355-372(1977)I SSN 0306-1 396December 1977PROCEEDINGSOF THEANALYTICAL DIVISION OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETYOfficers of the Analytical Divisionof The Chemical SocietyPresidentD. W. WilsonHon. SecretaryP. G. W. CobbSecretaryMiss P.E. HutchinsonHun. Treasurer Hun. Assistant SecretariesJ. K. Foreman D. 1. Coomber, O.B.E.: D. C. M. Squirrel1Editor, ProceedingsP. C. WestonProceedings is published by The Chemical Society.Editorial: The Director of Publications, The Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, W1 V OBN.Telephone 01 -734 9864. Telex 268001.Subscriptions (non-members) : The Chemical Society, Distribution Centre, Blackhorse Road,Letchworth, Herts., SG6 1 HN.Non-members can only be supplied with Proceedings as part of a combined subscription with The Analystand Analytical Abstracts.@ The Chemical Society 1977THE ANNUAL MEETINGonR AND D TOPICS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYwill be held at theUniversity of Wales Institute of Science and Technology,CardiffonJune 28th and 29th, 1978Papers are invited describing work carried out by postgraduate research studentsin Universities and Colleges and by young research workers in industrial and otherestablishments. Contributions are t o be presented by the student or his industrialcounterpart during a 20-minute lecture.Those who wish to offer a paper or who have any queries about the meetingshould write to the Secretary, Analytical Division, Chemical Society, BurlingtonHouse, Piccadilly, London, W1 V OBN

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD97714FX040

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC

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December, 1977 ANALYTICAL DIVISION DIARY 37 1Analytical Division Diary, continuedJanuary, continuedTuesday, 24th, 4.30 p.m. : SwanseaWestern Region, jointly with the South West“Atomic Spectroscopy-First 200 Years, ’’ byAnnual General Meeting of the WesternUniversity College, Swansea.Wales Section of the CS.Professor T. S. West.Region ; 6 p.m.Wednesday, 25th : DarlingtonNorth East Region: Annual General Meeting;7.15 p.m.Joint Meeting with the Thermal MethodsGroup on “Controlling Explosives” ;7.30 p.m.“Explosives Hazards Testing,” by G. D.Coley .“Pyrotechnic Systems-Thermal Studies, ” byE. C. Charsley.Europa Lodge Hotel, Darlington, CountyDurham.ANALYTICAL DIVISIONTIEThe wider version of the tie bearing the SAC Coat of Arms is still available forsale to members of the CS Analytical Division.The tie, which carries a simp-lified version of the Coat of Arms woven in red, silver and gold as a singlemotif, is available in three different background colours-dark blue, dark greenand maroon. The tie is manufactured in a Crimplene - Terylene mixture.The price of the tie is jtT1.60, post free. The traditional, narrower versionof the tie is also still available (with dark green or maroon background only)at Al.10, post free. Orders, accompanied by the appropriate remittance, shouldbe sent to The Secretary, Analytical Division, The Chemical Society, Burling-ton House, Piccadilly, London, W1V OBN.Please make cheques payable to The Chemical Society, and ensure thatthe background colour required on the tie is statedAnalytical Division DiaryJANUARYWednesday, 4th, 10 a.m.: LondonSpecial Techniques and Particle Size AnalysisGroups, jointly with the Applied MineralogyGroup of the Mineralogical Society, on“Characterisation and Quantitative Assess-ment of Asbestos and Other Small Par-ticles.”“Problems of Particle Analysis in Relation toAirborne Dust,” by T. Ogden.“Microscopical Identification of AsbestosMinerals,” by Jean F. Findley.“Qualitative Interference Methods,” by D.Thompson.“Advance in Optical Measurement of Respir-able Fibres,” by V. Timbrell.“Semi-automatic Methods for CountingAsbestos Fibres,” by J . Woodhatch.“X-ray Diffraction Techniques,” by A. L.Rickards.“TEM Methods in Analysis of Small Par-ticles,” by F.D. Pooley.“SEM Methods in Identification of SmallParticles,” by J. Creasey.“IR Techniques,” by J. Coastes.“Size Distribution of Asbestos Fibres,” byS. Beckett, A. Middleton and J . Jarvis.Bedford College, Regent’s Park, London,N.W.1.Thursday, 5th, 11 a.m.: SheffieldAtomic Spectroscopy Group and Board ofA RAA S, jointly with the Modern Methodsof Analysis Group of the Sheffield Metallur-gical and Engineering Association : FifthAnnual Reports on Analytical AtomicSpectroscopy Symposium.“Application of Zeeman Effect t o AtomicFluorescence Spectrometry,” by ProfessorT. Takeuchi.“Practical Application of MECA for theDetermination of Nitrogen and SulphurCompounds,” by A. Calokerinos.“Atomic Spectroscopy in Forensic Micro-analysis,” by C.D. Wall.“Measurement of Trace Elements in HighTemperature Alloys by ElectrothermalAtomic Absorption,” by D. J. Allen.“Aspects of Atomic Fluorescence Spectro-metric Determination of Cadmium andZinc in Clinical Materials,” by R. G. Michel.“Development of Element-specific Detectorswith Help of Spectroscopy,” by ProfessorR. Hermann.The University, Ranmoor House, Shore Lane,Sheffield S 10 3AY.Monday, 16th, 5 p.m. : GlasgowScottish Region.“Image Dissecting Emission Spectrometry,’’by Professor A. Danielsson.Room C129, Thomas Graham Building,University of Strathclyde: CathedralStreet, Glasgow.Tuesday, 17th: Londoneral Meeting ; 6 p.m.6.15 p.m.“Food,” by J . K. Foreman.House, Piccadilly, London, W.1.Microchemical Methods Group : Annual Gen-South East Region : Annual General Meeting;Joint Meeting; 6.30 p.m.Linnean Society Meeting Room, BurlingtonWednesday, 18th, 2.30 p.m.: LondonAnalytical Division.“Image Dissector Spectrometry,’’ by Pro-Scientific Societies Lecture Theatre, 23 Savilefessor A. Danielsson.Row, London, W. 1.Thursday, 19th, 6.30 p.m. : BirminghamMidlands Region and Special Techniques“Image Dissecting Emission Spectrometry,”Lecture Theatre 101, Haworth Building, TheGrot@.by Professor A. Danielsson.University, Birmingham-Thursday, 19th, 12 noon: LondonJoint Pharmaceutical Analysis Group : AnnualGeneral Meeting, followed- by a buffetlunch.These will be followed by a discussion on“Data Processing in PharmaceuticalAnalysis .”Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain,1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1 7 JN.Friday, 20th, 6.30 p.m.: ManchesterNorth West Region: Annual Generzl Meeting.“Fraud, Forgery and Misrepresentation,” byRoom B104, Tower Block, Faculty ofA. D. Baynes-Cope.Technology, UMIST, Manchester.[continued inside back coverPrinted by Heffers Printers Ltd Cambridge Englan

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD97714BX042

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC

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Vol. 14 No. 12 December 1977 Proceedings of the Analytical Division of The Chemical Society Fourth International Liquid Scintillation Counting Symposium The 1977 International Symposium on Scintill- ation Counting, organised by the Radiochemical Methods Group of the Analytical Division of the Chemical Society, was held in the Assembly Rooms in Bath from September 13-16th. One hundred and fifty delegates attended the meet- ing from a diverse international scientific and medical community.The meeting was opened by a morning devoted to a “teach-in,” presided over by the Chairman of the Group, Dr. W. Newton (Manchester), and given by A. Dyer (Salford) and B. W. Fox (Manchester). This session was designed broadly to introduce the fundamental aspects of the liquid scintillation process as well as sample preparation procedures for new users of the technique. A plenary lecture by E.D. Bransome (University of Georgia) outlined many real and apparent problems of the preparation of samples for liquid scintillation counting, particularly in biomedicine. The technology of measurement of environmental samples for the investigation of contamination of waste water from mines, lake water and river water by radio- active waste was discussed, as well as low level counting, a session introduced by D.Edgington who outlined the methods by which an interest- ing comprehensive survey of the sedimentary layers of Lake Michigan with respect to pluton- ium and lead-210 was achieved. An entertain- ing and highly informative lecture by J .Lanclon on recent advances in immunoassay was followed by a series of papers concerned with the assay of steroids and of nortryptyline, as well as of artifacts experienced due to the presence of enzyme inhibitors. Of particular note was the increased sensitivity achieved by a bioluminescent label rather than a radioisotope in enzyme-multiplied immunoassay methods, which was described by P.E. Stanley. This development may be of considerable interest to hospital clinical biochemistry departments, which have already acquired liquid scintillation counting facilities but which may be troubled about the use of radioisotopes in often crowded ancl busy laboratories not often employing research personnel. An afternoon was devoted to the principles and problems of whole-body counting, intro- duced by G.Ayrey (London). The role of whole-body counting and its potential applica- tions, especially that of bone-marrow imaging using iron-52, was discussed. Of particular note was a paper by D. L. Horrocks (Beckman Instruments), read by T. O’hTeill, in which a more universal quench- correction procedure, the so-called H-number method, was outlined.It consists primarily of measuring the shift exhibited by the steep upper edge of the Compton spectrum rather than the qualitative variability associated with the channels-ratio method employed in the conven- tional external standard ratio system. At present the technology of detecting either the position of the turn down in the spectrum, or the mid-point of the fall, requires several minutes even with computer assistance, but it is clear that further developments in this field are inevitable and they are awaited with interest.A session on data handling and the relative merits of on-line and off-line computation from single or multiple instruments was vigorously discussed. *4 special discussion period, led by P. E. Stanley, was designed to highlight the problems that arise in many institutions in which there is no special expertise in liquid scintillation spectrometry to assist in the choice of sample preparation method and to interpret output data.The setting up of an international working party or a society whose mandate would be to devise means of improving these standards by recommending minimal require- ments of training and information was discussed.The meeting has become one of the main international shop windows for both UK and overseas manufacturers of liquid scintillation counting equipment, as well as for the firms that produce the scintillation chemicals. The ex- hibition hall is very well placed in this venue, 355356 TOXICITY OF METALLIC AND ORGANIC SPECIES Proc. Analyt. Div. Chem SOC.next to the lecture room and separated only by a refreshment bar. The ladies’ and social programmes were of the usual very high standard now associated with this Radiochemical Methods Group Symposium, due largely to the enthusiasm of an energetic Secretary and his wife and staff. Visits to Longleat and to the American Museum were exceptionally well chosen for an international audience of this type, as was the memorable plunge in the Roman Baths just prior to the civic reception. It is hoped that this unique conference, in which the common factor of interest is a tech- nique that spans a very wide range of techno- logical, scientific and medical activities and draws scientists and technologists from both academic and industrial fields, will continue to provide a forum for the interchange of experi- ence and application that is so necessary for rapid advance in both fields. B. v l r . Fox

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD9771400355

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC

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356 TOXICITY OF METALLIC AND ORGANIC SPECIES Proc. Analyt. Div. Chew SOC. The Measurement and Toxicity of Metallic and Organic Species The following is a summary of one of the papers presented at a Meeting of the Scottish and North East Regions held on March 25th and 26th, 1977, at Pitlochry. Summaries of three of the other papers presented at the Meeting appeared in the August issue of Proceedings (p.218). Industrial Toxicity with Particular Reference to Lead and Organic Compounds C. Toothill Department of Chemical Pathology, .%hOOl of Medicine, Leeds LS2 9NL Clinical biochemists have long been concerned with some problems of toxicology ; initially, this work was concerned with analysis of body fluids for drugs (aspirin, barbiturates, etc.) and the effects of various industrial chemicals on plasma constituents (pesticides and plasma cholinesterase) .More recently it has been extended to monitoring drug therapy, particularly patients taking anti-epileptic drugs1 With the inauguration of the Employment Medical Advisory Service (EMAS) and the development of the SAS Lead Laboratories by the Department of Health and Social Security, hospital laboratories have recently been drawn into problems of industrial toxicology.The scope of industrial toxicology is illustrated by the following potential hazards : elements, both metallic and non-metallic ; alkalis ; cyanides; hydrocarbons and their derivatives ; esters; ketones ; organic polymers ; pesticides ; radiant energy ; mineral dusts ; and biological hazards, e.g., dusts, mycotoxins, proteolytic enzymes and infections.Examples of specific systemic disorders produced by industrial chemicals are the production of aplastic anaemia by benzene, chromium and nickel contact dermatitis and angiosarcoma caused by vinyl chloride monomer. Several industrial chemical hazards give rise to different symptoms according to whether exposure is acute or chronic; for example, acute cadmium poisoning causes severe nausea and increased salivation, chronic cadmium poisoning damages kidneys (proteinuria, particularly low relative molecular mass a- and /3-globulins) , lungs (emphysema) and the cardiovascular system (hypertension). In addition to the type of exposure, several factors result in considerable variability in response to exposure, for example, age, sex, genotype, nutrition and the presence of past or current diseased states.The laboratory supports the work of the clinician in chemical toxicology problems; the way in which this is done can be summarised as follows. Firstly, determination of the concentration of toxic materials and/or metabolites in body fluids ; secondly, examination of the effect on enzyme or metabolic pathways; and thirdly, examination of the effect on a particu- lar organ, which may be morphological (histology or haematology) or chemical (liver and renal function tests).These approaches are well illustrated by the investigation of leadDecember, 1977 TOXICITY OF METALLIC AND ORGANIC SPECIES 357 intoxication. These problems may arise either from exposure to inorganic lead (battery manufacture and environmental pollution) or to organic forms of the metal (tetraethyl lead manufacture). The well defined differences in clinical presentations resulting from excessive exposure to inorganic lead are summarised as follows.For inorganic lead poisoning, abdomi- nal pain, constipation and vomiting; and for organic lead poisoning, disturbances in sleep pattern, nausea, anorexia, vertigo and headache, hyperexcitability and mania.Although most industrial lead problems arise from inorganic lead (lead processing factories and foundries are obvious examples), people resident in industrial areas of large cities may also be at risk. Well documented examples of intoxication by lead carried home on clothing are not uncommon. The pathological effects of lead are on haemopoietic tissue (anaemia) ; the nervous system (acute abdominal pain) ; and the kidney (proteinuria, amino aciduria) .2 Anaemia is a common finding in cases of excessive lead exposure which renders the measurement of haemoglobin concentration of prime importance in diagnosis; as a consequence of this much recent biochemi- cal work has been directed towards the effect of the metal on precursors of haemoglobin, particularly the synthesis of the organic residue (protoporphyrin-IX) of the prosthetic group, haem.The scheme of haem biosynthesis is given in Fig. 1 and the stages at which lead is known to inhibit in v i m and in vitro are shown. In the whole animal (including man) this inhibition manifests itself by the following biochemical changes in readily obtainable tissues and body fluids : (i) reduced 5-aminolaevulinic dehydratase (5-ALAD) activity in red blood cells ; (ii) increased excretion of 5-aminolaevulinate (5-ALA) in urine ; (iii) increased excretion of coproporphyrin in urine ; and (iv) increase in protoporphyrin-IX in red blood cells.Data accumulated in the author's laboratory, summarised in Figs.2, 3 and 4, illustrate the relationship between these various parameters. At present, determinations of 5-ALAD and protoporphyrin in erythrocytes and coproporphyrin and 5-ALA in urine, together with an examination of blood haemoglobin and lead concentrations, are the parameters monitored in workers exposed to lead and others in whom sub-clinical lead intoxication is a possible diagno- sis.Additionally, lead has an effect on red blood cell membranes (giving rise to some haemo- lysis), and on kidney tissue, resulting in loss of protein, glucose and amino acids, all of which may be detected by the presence of increased amounts in the urine. Succinyl CoA 1 2 LA Porphobi Ii nogen 1 ,'Pb U roporphyri n 1 1- #. 3 / Haem 4 P k o p o r p h y r i n - Coproporphyrin + Fez' Fig.1. Synthesis of haem: enzyme reactions inhibited by lead. 5-ALA = 5-aminolaevulinate; 1 = 5-ALA synthetase; 2 = 5-ALA dehydratase; and 3 = ferro- chelatase. 8 6 .- - E ' 4 - \ n a -I a Blood lead/pg dl-' Fig. 2. Relationship between blood lead and 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) .358 TOXICITY OF METALLIC AND ORGANIC SPECIES Proc. Analyt.Div. C h m . SOC. 60 c U 8 20 - m . 0 ' l:oO - I 0 " 10 20 40 60 ALAImg I-' Fig. 3. Relationship between blood lead and urinary 5-aminolaevulinate (ALA) (+ indicates presence of excess of coproporphyrin) . -2 .- 50002 0 I 40 80 w Blood leadlpg dl-' Fig. 4. Relationship between blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. The approximate relationship between exposure to lead and levels of these parameters is given in Table I.From such data the Work Conference of Lead, Sub-committee on Permis- sible Units, of the International Association on Occupational Health concluded that the following would indicate the upper limits of acceptable exposure to inorganic lead in workers: blood lead, 70 pg per 100 ml; urine lead, 130 pg per 100 ml; urinary 5-ALA, 10 mg 1-l; and urinary coproporphyrin, 300 pg 1-l. Although the determination of 5-ALAD appears to be too sensitive to be of value in the field of occupational health, recent work on the relationship between the activity of the enzyme in red blood cells and several metals suggests that its activity in vivo may be a major factor in determining whether a worker suffers damage to haemopoietic tissue on exposure to lead.4*5 Valuable information is contained in the Report of EMAS.6 Data presented suggests that in industries where the hazard from lead is well known (e.g., accumulator manufacture) surveillance has resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of workers at risk.However, in industries where involvement with lead is more indirect, over the period of the report there was an increase in the number of workers being damaged by the metal, as reflected by an increase in the number of workers referred.Regular monitoring would therefore seem to be of value in factories with established lead problems and also to be of value in drawing into the surveillance programme areas of industry whert lead was not considered to be a serious hazard. How big is the problem presented by lead in the exposed working population? Organic Compounds Many organic compounds, especially those containing aromatic nitrogen, are known to give rise to disturbances of red-cell metabolism, which manifest themselves as methaemoglobinae- mia and/or haemolysis. The two complete and patent metabolic pathways still present in the mature red blood cell are glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (Fig.5). Glycolysis yields ATP (involved in maintaining the unique shape of the red cell) and NADH (used in the in vivo reduction of methaemoglobin); PPP activity results in the generation of TABLE I CHANGES IN BLOOD AND URINE COMPONENTS IN RELATION TO EXPOSURE TO LEAD Modified from WHO Technical Report (1975)? Blood Urine Level of r--A-, Erythrocyte r A 1 occupational Lead/ 5-ALAD, protoporphyrinl 5-ALA/ Coproporphvrinl exposure pg per 100 ml (% decrease) pg per 100 ml mg 1-1 pg I-' None ... . 10-20 0 < 50 ( 5 < 150 Slight . . .. 15-40 < 70 < 60 < 10 < 150 Moderate .. 10-70 60-90 50-200 5-20 100-300 Excessive . . >70 > 90 > 100 > 10 >zooDecember, 1977 TOXICITY OF METALLIC AND ORGANIC SPECIES 359 NADPH, which is intimately involved in maintaining the thiol peptide glutathione in the reduced form (GSH); this compound is also recognised as being one largely responsible for protecting the cell against “oxidative” attack.’ Problems of haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia in workers in chemical plants producing aromatic nitro-compounds are currently being investigated by an examination of the appropri- ate red-cell enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glut athione reductase and peroxid- ase, and the NADH and NADPH methaemoglobin reductases.In addition, in vitro metabolic studies are continuing using [14C]-glucose, labelled at specific carbon atoms, following metabol- ism by the measurement of radioactive pyruvate, lactate and carbon dioxide.It is anticipated that these studies will allow closer definition of those compounds giving rise to specific clinical problems and may also enable workers sensitive to particular compounds to be recognised in prospect. GSH GSSG GSH GSSG Glucose ATP NADP NADPH 6-P Gluconate U R Y b u lose-5-P F-6-P + - - - -r - - - - Ribose-5-P -1 . ATP 7 / ADPJ 4 / ~ F-1.7-di-P k/i/ DHAP - G-ald-3-P 1,3-DPG 3-PG 1LTl 2,3-DPG 2-PG 1- NAD .NADH 7 Lactate Fig.5. Carbohydrate metabolism in the mature red blood cell. Similar studies of industrial environmental problems may also be of value in recognising particular subjects at risk from chemical processes; these may well be the industrial equivalent of the well known pharmacogenetic problems of which primaquine sensitivity (glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) and suxamethonium sensitivity (variation in plasma cholinesterase) are perhaps the best known examples.References 1 . Parsonage, M. J., Toothill, C . , Smethurst, P. F., and Broughton, P. M. G., in Parsonage, M. J., Editor, “Assessment of the Value of Estimations of Blood Levels of Anticonvulsant Drugs in the Treatment360 CONTENTS OF A LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL Proc. AnaZyt. Dzv. Chem. SOC. of Epilepsy in the Adult in Prevention of Epilepsy and its Consequences,” International Bureau of Epilepsy, London, 1973. Waldron, H. A., and Stofen, D., “Sub-clinical Lead Poisoning,” Academic Press, London, 1974. “Early Detection of Health Impairment in Occupational Exposure to Health Hazards,” Tech. Rep. Ser. Wld Hlth Org., 1975, 571. Border, E. A., Cantrell, A. C., and Kilroe-Smith, T. A., Environ. Res., 1976, 11, 319. Thompson, J., Jones, D. D., and Beasley, W. H., Br. J . I n d . Med., 1977, 34, 32. Employment Medical Advisory Service, “A Report of the Work of the Service for 1973 and 1974,” Jocelyn, P. D., “Biochemistry of the SH Group,” Academic Press, London, 1972. p. 248. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. London, HM Stationery Office, 1975, p. 58.

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD9771400356

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

360 CONTENTS OF A LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL Proc. AnaZyt. Div. Chem. Soc. Safety in Analytical Laboratories This article is the fourth in a series of reports on aspects of safety of particular interest to analytical chemists. It is hoped that these articles will provide a forum for further discussion, and correspondence on the individual articles and on all safety matters is invited. This series is written by outside contributors and views expressed in the articles are not necessarily those of the Chemical Society.The Contents of a Laboratory Safety Manual This article is intended as an aide mbmoire in the writing of a safety manual for chemical laboratories. Other types of laboratories, e.g., biological, are not covered but the principles are the same. The first essential is to decide on the format of the manual.If it is printed in book form it is extremely difficult and costly to keep the content up-dated when the work programme is changing: errors in fact and transcription are difficult to correct and the manual soon loses its impact. Preferably, the design should be such that it is.a “living manual.” Staff can then be encouraged to make suggestions for additions or alterations which, if accepted, can easily be incorporated. The depth of the subject matter needs to be considered in the light of the technical know- ledge and expertise of the intended users of the manual.I t must be decided whether it is to be as comprehensive as practicable or is to consist of guidelines only, which will then be augmented by written specific instructions for each task in the laboratory.A common practice is for a comprehensive manual to be provided for reference, aimed a t meeting the needs of all personnel, and supplementing this with a small handbook containing the basic principles that the inexperienced laboratory worker needs to know. In practice it is virtually impossible to cover all eventualities and in the final analysis i t is the responsibility of the supervisors to ascer- tain that their staff are competent to carry out, in a safe manner, any duties assigned to them.The following items should be covered. Introduction This might outline the aim of the manual and its intended method of use. It is also the obvious section in which to introduce the Health and Safety at Work Act and its implica- tions.Safety Policy The Health and Safety a t Work Act stipu- lates that “it shall be the duty of every employer to prepare and as often as may be appropriate revise a written statement of his general policy with respect to the health and safety a t work of his employees and the organisation and arrange- ments for the time being in force for carrying out that policy, and to bring the statement and any revision of it to the notice of all of his employ- ees.” This is probably most simply done by including a copy of the policy in the safety manual.Safety Organisation This section should include the responsibilities of the various members of the organisation, with the name, location and telephone number of the Safety Officer or Co-ordinator, together with the duties of any Safety Committees.The procedure for inspections, e.g., good housekeep- ing, can also be included. Safety Aspects of a Supervisor’s Duties In this context the term “supervisor” means anyone in charge of laboratory personnel and the day-to-day running of a laboratory. The main areas of his responsibility, with particular reference to safety matters, should be outlined, including that connected with the up-keep of safety equipment, the training of laboratory personnel, the maintenance of laboratory equipment, good housekeeping, etc.December, 1977 CONTENTS OF A LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL 361 Safety Training This section might describe the type of training that is available and/or act as a reminder to the supervisor of the instructions he should issue on safety aspects to a new starter.Safety Literature Available Staff need to be aware of, and know how to make full use of, any publications and literature readily available to them on the hazards and toxicity of chemicals. Statutory Regulations These should draw attention to any regula- tions of particular importance to the establish- ment and which the staff should clearly under- stand.An example might be The Petroleum Consolidation Act, for laboratories handling hydrocarbons. Mandatory Instructions These are rules of such importance that, if broken, disciplinary action would automatically be incurred. To maintain their impact the number of such rules should be kept to an absolcte minimum. General Safety Instructions This section would include items that do not fit readily into the more specific sections of the manual.For example, the danger of eating in a laboratory or of using laboratory ware for beverages, etc., can be dealt with. General instructions on the wearing of protective clothing might also be given here. Emergency Procedures Fire procedures should be written to cover possible incidents both inside and outside normal working hours and it is recommended that the following details be included: the location of fire-alarm points, the telephone number required to summon the fire services, type of fire extinguishers and their location, method of dealing with clothing fires, evacuation procedure and fire warden or steward system.Procedures by which medical assistance can be obtained both inside and outside normal work- ing hours should be clearly stated.Emergency measures for major and minor accidents should be included, with particular emphasis on eye injuries. Simple first-aid treatment might be described for the following : cuts, burns (heat and corrosive), scalds, skin contamination by flammable and/or toxic materials, inhalation and ingestion of toxic materials, electric shock and unconsciousness.In this section procedures for dealing with spillages could be outlined. It may be difficult to give specific procedures for all chemicals but general instructions for dealing with the following types can be of great assistance: flammable, flammable and toxic, and toxic and/or corro- sive. Minor as well as major spillages need to be covered and also those involving personnel contamination.Specific instructions are recom- mended for special chemicals such as phenol, mercury, carcinogens, etc. Protective Clothing This section should contain full details of all. the various types of protective clothing used in the establishment and the situations in which each should be used. The following should be considered : eye protection, hand protection, footwear, laboratory coats, aprons, PVC suits, breathing apparatus, dust masks and noise levels.Good Housekeeping The importance of this should be stated and the means by which i t can be achieved should be set out with a reminder to the staff that theirs is a joint responsibility to keep a tidy, safe place of work. Planning for Safety in Experimental Work In this section a system for assessing the potential hazard of any project should be set down.This might be done in the form of a questionnaire covering the basic nature of the work, the type of reaction, the conditions under which the work has to be done, potential hazards and emergency procedures. For in- stance, under potential hazards the following points need to be considered: safety of sample container, adequate identification, toxicity of reagents (are they carcinogens or skin irritants 2 ) corrosivity, flammability, explosion risks, per- oxides and their formation, electrical hazards including supply failure, possibility of tempera- ture runaway, low-temperature effects, exces- sive pressure, risk of implosion with reduced pressure and so on.Under emergency proce- dures the points raised would be shut-down instructions, how to summon assistance, fire- control equipment required, breathing appara- tus and special medical aids such as antidotes. A standard procedure by which all aspects of every task is fully examined, together with a knowledge of the chemistry involved, is a considerable aid jn evolving safe working methods.362 CONTENTS OF A LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL Proc.Analyt. Div. Chem. SOC. Handling Laboratory Equipment Subjects that might be included in this section are: glassware and its examination for stresses or flaws, and the inherent danger of these; the use of pipettes, with particular emphasis on the dangers of pipetting by mouth; the cutting and handling of glass tubing and rods, including the need for hand protection while carrying out the cutting operation and when fitting glass tubing into rubber bungs, corks or rubber/plastic tubing, and the import- ance of flame glazing before use; the boring of corks and rubber bungs ; the various methods for the safe opening of ampoules (glass and poly- thene) and covering the hazards, such as the variation in the thickness of the glass, the volatility, flammability, toxicity or corrosivity of the contents; the opening of bottles, cans and drums ; the fitting of glass condensers to appara- tus, with particular emphasis on the danger of causing stress through misalignment and includ- ing an efficient method for securing water lines.Distillations could be covered in this section, with particular reference to the dangers of distilling material containing peroxides and giving a simple test for their detection and a method for their decomposition.The toxicity and/or flammability of the material being distilled, the screening of the distillation assem- bly, sample-point access, type of heating and positioning of controls, the safe temperature limits of a water-cooled condenser and adequate venting of the system when distilling at atmos- pheric pressure are but a few of the more general aspects to consider.The hazards associated with distillations carried out under reduced pressure need to be highlighted. For example, the dangers of using conical flasks as receivers and of implosion due to defective glassware, the effect of sudden pressure changes, the cause of “bumping” and its prevention, and so on.The safety procedures t o follow when carrying out a steam distillation should also be included. Guidance could be given on the use of pressurised glass equipment (elevated and reduced pressure), bearing in mind the type of glassware to be used, the assembly of the apparatus, the protection of the operator and other personnel, leak detection, pressure testing, pressure-relieving devices and the use of lutes.In view of the increased use of hypodermic syringes in laboratories, some mention should be made of the precautions necessary for their safe use and disposal as serious injury, even death, could be caused by mishandling. There are many facets to the hazards associat- ed with the use of electrical equipment and it may be found that in a safety manual the simplest method is to treat the subject under two separate headings, the first for when the danger is primarily one which could result in electric shock, and the second concerning fire hazards.Examples of the more common hazards are cracked plugs or sockets, frayed leads, conduct- ing liquids coming into contact with equipment or leads and trailing leads constituting a tripping hazard.It is advisable that a system be set up whereby all electrical equipment is periodically tested and staff are fully aware of this and of the fact that maintenance should only be carried out by competent persons. Procedures for dealing with cases of electric shock could be included under the first heading, bearing in mind that, while the first few minutes are vital, it is imperative that before touching the injured person it is ascertained that he is not in contact with a live conductor.Methods by which a victim can be safely pulled clear of a live conductor if the current cannot be switched off immediately are an essential part of this section. Special consideration needs to be given to the use of electrical equipment in areas containing flammable or explosive materials, and t o the safety of equipment such as refrigerators used for the storage of highly volatile, flammable materials.Further items that could be covered are ovens, furnaces, centrifuges and autoclaves. Material Handling In most safety manuals it will be impossible to cover all materials being handled in any one laboratory and at best guidance can only be given for dealing with the more common hazards. Under the Health and Safety a t Work Act much more documentation will be necessary for many of the chemicals and pro- cedures in use and some system ought to be set up whereby reference books and up-to-date literature are readily available to all staff.In the safety manual the terms “acute effect” and “chronic effect” could be defined as well as the difference between toxicity and hazard. The definition of “highly flammable liquid” and the interpretation of the definition is helpful in the understanding of the requirements of the Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquified Petroleum Gases Regulations. The labelling and transportation of bottles, the use of fume cupboards and the monitoring of the atmosphere outside them, when protective clothing should be worn, the storage and dispo- sal of chemicals with particular reference toDecember, 1977 EQUIPMENT NEWS 363 peroxides, and oxidising materials and explosives are all subjects that could be included in this section.Some information needs t o be given on incompatible chemicals and a list of the most common of these is a useful addition.The safety measures required for handling refriger- ants ought to be given, stressing the hazards of “burns” from skin contact, pressure build-up due to vaporisation of the refrigerant in a confined space and the danger of explosive conditions occurring when using liquid nitrogen owing to impurities or by condensation of oxygen from the air.It is advisable to list substances controlled by statute under the Carcinogenic Substances Regulations 1967 and to clarify the terms “prohibited substances” and “controlled su5- stances.” A list of classes of compounds of which certain members are known to display carcinogenic activity should be included, with the warning that they need to be handled with special care and the necessary protective measures given.Consideration should be given to the inclusion of a section on the use of compressed gases. An article entitled “Code of Practice for the Use of Gas Cylinders in Analytical Laboratories” was published in the March 1977 issue of this journa1.l Data on Some Specific Hazardous Materials Some chemicals or materials, e.g., phenol, benzene, hydrofluoric acid and asbestos, are of such a hazardous nature that they require specific instructions for handling as well as special emergency procedures, and it is this category of material that is intended to be included under this heading.It is imperative that the phrase “threshold limit value” is clearly understood by laboratory technicians and a definition together with a statement on the meaning of “excursion factor” and “ceiling limit” ought to be included in all safety manuals.Uses of Sources of Ionisation Radiation There is legislation covering this subject and the Regulations define the administrative procedures to be adopted. Microwave Radiation To date there are no Statutory Regulations covering the protection of persons exposed to microwave radiation, but Codes of Practice relating to intense radiofrequency radiation have been published by the Post Office and the Ministry of Technology. Use of Sources of Ultraviolet Radiation It is advisable to explain the dangers of over- exposure to ultraviolet radiation and to indicate the sources that are intense enough to warrant some protective measures.These measures should be indicated. Safety in Offices When preparing safety manuals one tends to concentrate on the laboratory and ignore the hazards that may arise in the laboratory office. Some examples are : filing cabinets being incorrectly filled and overbalancing when the top drawer is opened; tripping hazards from trailing wires connected to telephones, calcula- tors, etc. ; overstretching to reach high shelves; and cuts from paper or sharp objects. Conclusion The finished manual should be in such a style as to be “readable” and completely unambig- uous. I t should be readily available and include a comprehensive index. It is intended that some of the items outlined above will be covered in more detail in subsequent articles and suggestions would be welcomed as to which would be of most interest to readers. Reference 1. Proc. Analyt. Dzv. Chem. SOC.. 1977, 14,57.

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD9771400360

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

December, 1977 EQUIPMENT NEWS 363 Equipment News Flocculants Celite-Floc, new polyelectrolytes, are supplied in ticle agglomeration when used in very low ratio powder and liquid formulations to cater for to the mass of matter treated. Sedimentation, modern separation techniques that depend on filtration, flotation and centrifugal precipitation efficient coagulation or precipitation of solids in methods all benefit from the correct application suspension.They are long-chain, high relative of electrolytic polymers. molecular mass, totally water soluble, synthetic Johns-Manville, 9-1 1 rue du Colonel-de- polymers, which can produce satisfactory par- Rochebrune, 92505 Rueil-Malmaison, Paris.364 EQUIPMENT NEWS Proc. Anal$. Div. Clzem. SOC. Bellows Valves A complete range of compact, bellows-sealed regulating and shut-off valves, designed to contain and control hazardous, toxic or expen- sive fluids in applications such as high-purity systems, high- or low-temperature systems and high vacuum is now available.The valves, designated the Nupro “B” Series, have a union bonnet construction. Choice of stem tips includes Kel-F for soft seat shut-off, and 316 stainless steel, 17-4 PH, copper or Stellite vee tips for metal-to-metal shut-off. Regulating tips are also available.,411 tips are non-rotating to allow positive, repetitive shut-off. There are eight actuation methods : hand, toggle and both piston and diaphragm-style pneumatic operators in normally closed, nor- mally open and double acting modes. Pressure ratings are high vacuum to 1000 p.s.i.g.maximum. Temperature ratings are cryogenic to 600°F maximum in standard valves, and up to 900 “F in special high-tempera- ture models. Techmation Ltd., 58 Edgware Way, Edg- ware, Middx., H-48 8 JP. Plasma Emission Spectrometer A single-element plasma emission spectrometer, Spectraspan IV, is available a t a price compar- able with that of atomic-absorption units.The Spectraspan IV, developed by SMI, can perform quantitative and qualitative determina- tions of trace concentrations of compounds including refractories and some non-metals. It has a high sensitivity, even in the presence Gf complex matrix solutions with solids contents as high as 20%. The high-intensity excitation source is a d.c. argon plasma, which operates a t low power to produce temperatures up to 10 000 K.An integral microprocessor increases the efficiency of the system and allows routin? checks of instrument performance. Techmation Ltd., 58 Edgware Way, Edg- ware, Middx., HAS 8 JP. Shaker The Eppendorf No. 5432 shaker is introduced for use in manual and semi-automatic microlitre analytical systems. It has a capacity of 24 test-tubes (or 40 test-tubes in chain links) which, held in a transfer rack, are easily snapped on to the shaker plate.Chain links are placed on the plate and secured with two straps. Suction feet ensure stability during operation. Anderman & Co. Ltd., Central Avenue, East Molesey, Surrey, KT8 OQZ Linear Recorder A portable, single-channel, potentiometric re- corder has been added to the “Linear” range.This recorder is designed for general use and operates with chart speeds of 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 cm min-’ and cm h-l. The Model 141 operates with a chart width of 100 mm on full-scale spans of 1-10 mV and 1-10 V, plus attenuation to 100 V. Impedance is 20 NIQ up to 100 mV and 2.5 MQ up to 10 V (the attenuator pro- vides 25 kQ). A push-button operated zero check is also featured.Roth Scientific Co. Ltd., Alpha House, 9-11 Alexandra Road, Farnborough, Hants. Liquid Scintillators Riasolve is for the high-efficiency counting of water, aqueous solutions of salts, acids and alkalis, and buffer solutions. It produces clear, countable solutions with sample volumes up to 1 ml per 10 ml of scintillator throughout a wide temperature range. Unisolve 100 will accept up to an equal volume of water a t temperatures from 5 to 25 “C without the development of any opaque or unstable zones. Minisolve is for use in miniature liquid scintillation counting vials, with which the abili ty to accommodate large volumes of sample is essential.Ten millilitres of Minisolve will accept over 3.5 ml of pure water and an equal volume of sea water.Larger volumes of many other aqueous samples also produce clear, countable solutions over a wide temperature range. A low-cost emulsifying liquid scintillator, ELS 294, has been designed to replace the traditional 2 + 1 toluene-Triton X-100 based scintillator, and will remain single-phase when sample volumes of at least 1.5 ml in 10 ml of scintillator are used, over the temperature range 0-35 “C.Scintillator Division, Koch-Light Labora- tories Ltd., Colnbrook, Bucks., SL3 OBZ. Disc Filter Holders Stainless-steel, industrial design filter holders are available in three sizes: 90, 142 and 293 mm. Each is manufactured from AISI Type 316 stainless steel and given a 32-pin machine finish. The holders are passivated. Important features include 15% greater filtration area than in commonly used disc filter holders, achieved by positioning the O-ring on the outer edges of the filter.The holders are autoclavable with the filter in place and they have high resistance to corrosion.Decembw, 1977 EQUIPMENT NEWS 365 Gelman Hawksley Ltd., 12 Peter Road, Lancing, Sussex, BN 15 8TH. Ion- selective Electrodes Re-designed modules for the 93 Series electrodes for the measurement of nitrate show greater stability and longer life, each module carrying a 6 months’ guarantee.The method of analysis has been re-written and a 24-page instruction manual is supplied with each electrode. Re-designed 93 Series modules are also available for calcium, divalent cations, potas- sium, perchlorate and fluoroborate ions. MSE Scientific Instruments, Manor Royal, Crawley, Sussex, RHlO 2QQ.Analytical Balances Sew Mettler analytical balances, the HL32 and HL52, have electronic weighing ranges of 2 g (readability 0.1 mg) and 200 mg (readability 0.01 mg), respectively. Built-in weights. give both balances a total range of 160 g. Both balances have a BCD output socket to permit connection to a wide range of data- processing equipment, including printers, pro- grammable desk-top calculators and weight- count converters. Two new instruments in the Mettler PL range of electronic balances are the PL200 and the PL1200.These balances have weighing ranges of 220 g (readability 0.001 g) and 1200 g (readability 0.01 g), respectively. To overcome the difficulties of vibration or of weighing live animals, the PL200 and PL1200 have adjustable integration circuits, which measure the mass for a selected period and then display the mean mass over this period.A. Gallenkamp & Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 290, Christopher Street, London, ECZP 2ER. Scanning Electron Microscope A new scanning electron microscope, the System 100, has a resolution of 60 A with a magnification of l o x t o 200 000 x with 3 x zoom.Dual magnification on two large 12-in high-resolution cathode-ray tubes allows tho- rough examination of the specimen a t two different magnifications a t the same time. Accelerating potentials are from 1 to 40 kV, stepped and compensated. The specimen chamber size is 7.5 x 7 in. X , Y and 2 movement, tilt and continuous scan rotation give complete flexibility for specimen movement.International Scientific Instruments Inc. (UK), Waterwitch House, Exeter Road, New- market, Suffolk. Computer-controlled Infrared Gas Analyser The Model 80 Computerised Gas Analyser is for the measurement of toxic gases and vapours in ambient air. It can automatically measure u p to 11 components in 2 min with correction for interference. A tape print-out provides a permanent record of component concentrations and absorbance values a t each wavelength.Wilks Scientific Corporation, 140 Water Street, Box 449, South Norwalk, Conn. 6856, USI%. High-range Radiation Survey Meter The ANPDR-43 military survey meter has been modified to permit radiation measurements to 500 R h-l to be made more safely. The meter is designed for use in high-temperature, high- humidity areas and operates with two standard D cells that can be changed without opening the electronics compartment. Separate calibration adjustments are available on the face of the meter for each scale.Dosimeter Corporation of America, 6106 Interstate Circle, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242, USA. Radioactive (Toxic) Material Spill Kits Two kits have been developed for use should radioactive materials accidentally be spilled in the laboratory or if a radiation source has leaked and contaminated the work area.Kit “A,” containing an OSHA approved respirator, is designed for use where high-hazard materials are involved. The kit, in a special storage container, has overalls, shoe covers, gloves, overshoes, hood and decontamination equip- ment in addition to the respirator.I t is available in three sizes. Kit “A” can also be used when toxic particulate materials, such as beryllium oxide, are spilled. Kit “B” is designed for use when working with less hazardous radioisotopes. I t contains face masks, overalls, shoe covers, gloves, hood and decontamination equipment. Dosimeter Corporation of America, 6106 Interstate Circle, Cincinatti, Ohio 45242, USA.Polarising Beam-splitter New polarising beam-splitter cubes are available in standard sizes of 12.7, 25.4 and 38.1 mm. The cubes give output beams that are linearly polarised (orthogonally to each other) if the input is monochromatic. With a half-wave phase plate in the input beam, the cube becomes a completely variable intensity beam splitter.Polarisation purity of a t least 98% is guaran- teed for 632.8 nm. Beam splitters for other366 EQUIPMENT NEWS PYOC. Analyt. Div. Chern. SOC. wavelengths are available. Wavefront distor- tion is held to lambda/2 in both beams. Melles Griot B.V., Nieuwekade 10, Postbus SGT, Arnhem, Holland. Radiofrequency Laboratory Amplifier .The Model LM310 power amplifier (band width 0.5-300 MHz) is being introduced.This amplifier will hold the 10-W output level within *0.3 dB with the signal input varying by as much as 10dB or the frequency changing from 0.5 to 300 MHz. JVessex Electronics Ltd., Stover Trading Estate, Yate, Bristol, BS17 5QP. pH Meters Five new pH meters and controllers in the Corning range are available. Models 7 and 12 have large-scale meter read-outs and are intended for routine and research operation, respectively.Both read pH 0-14 (k0.05) and 1400-0-1 400 ( f 14) mV. In addition, Model 12 has an expanded scale, which gives a full- scale deflection for one pH unit a t any value within the over-all range or 100-mV range. Two additional logarithmic scales are provided for ion-activity measurements. Models 109 and 113 have digital read-outs.The former is a general-purpose meter, reading pH 0-14 (50.01) and 1900-0-1 900 mV. Model 113 also covers the full pH range and is accurate to f0.005 pH unit, for research appli- cations. Additionally, it reads 1799-0-1 799 mV and has an expanded-scale facility. A battery-operated pH meter (Model 13) is also available, which reads pH 2-12 with a 2 pH unit over-range a t both ends of the scale, and300-0-300mV.A. Gallenkamp & Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 290, Christopher Street, London, EC2P 2ER. A.c. Supply Interruptor The Modular Power A.C. Supply Interruptor is designed as a simple method of simulating mains-supply interruptions, for checking the hold-up times of power-supply units, electro- mechanical-device release times and a whole range of other equipment and component parameters. The interruptor will operate from 100 to 250 V a.c., 50-70 Hz (factory set), at a maximum current of 10 A (r.rn.s.).Other units are a t the development stage for 400-Hz single and 3-phase (4 wire), and for 50-70 Hz 3-phase (4 wire) applications. Modular Power Ltd., 28 Sun Street, Waltham -Abbey, Essex. D.c. Electronic Load Unit The D.C.Load Type 4334 unit is designed to handle d.c. loads up to 45 A. Applied voltage can be up to 30 V, depending on the choice of one of three possible ranges. Range 1 is for operating voltages of 2-9 V (0-45 A); range 2 for 2-18 V (0-22 A ) ; and range 3 for 2-30 V (0-14 A). Maximum watt- age is 405 W on ranges 1 and 2, and 420 W on range 3 (which can be factory set within the maximum parameters 420 W, 45 A and 40 V).The unit is useful in the testing of the static and dynamic characteristics of d.c. power-supply units, power rectifiers, batteries and similar d.c. devices. Modular Power Ltd., 28 Sun Street, Waltham Abbey, Essex. Closed-circuit Water Circulator A closed-circuit water circulator, the C-400, will deliver water a t any flow-rate between 0 and 15 1 min-l a t a precisely controlled temperature.The temperature stability at the outlet is not affected by low or zero flow-rates. The temperature operating limits are from - 15 "C (with the ancillary M-1000 cooler unit) to + S O "C, the stability being *0.02 "C a t the outlet. All the wetted parts, except the pump, are stainless steel. The pump is glandless and has an all-plastic impeller and housing for corrosion resistance.Techne (Cambridge) Ltd., Duxford, Cam- bridge, CB2 4PZ. Tube Rotator/Mixer A tube rotator/mixer suitable for both vertical mixing and horizontal tube rotation is now available. The drum accepts two or four plates of clips and rotation speed is variable between 6 and 60rev min-l, with a clutch on the drive motor allowing the drum to be rotated by hand for easy loading and unloading.A. Gallenkamp & Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 290, Christopher Street, London, ECBP 2ER. Batch Accessory for Sampler The A40 MkII sampler's limit of 40 samples has been extended by a new 100-batch accessory. The accessory consists of a stainless-steel tray and a 100-place flexible plastic chain, accommo- dating the sample tubes or cups.The chain will accommodate 2- and 4-ml sample cups with a maximum diameter of 14mm or, when it is inverted, it will hold 9 mm diameter tubes. Hook and Tucker Instruments Ltd., Vulcan Way, New Addington, Croydon, CRO 9UG.December, 1977 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TRUST FUKD Digital Densimeter The Calculating Digital Densimeter Model DMA 46, with built-in thermostat, gives clear digital read-out of density to a precision of f l x g ~ r n - ~ over the range 0-1.5 g crnd3. The sample (0.7 ml) is introduced into a U-shaped sample tube, which is electromagnetically excited to vibrate a t its natural frequency.From the frequency change the density of the sample can be determined. Stanton Redcroft, Copper Rllill Lane, London, SW17 OBX. Miniature Load Cell The new cell utilises 350-Q bonded strain gauges and will deliver 15-mV output a t full scale with 10 V d.c. input (max.). Standard pressure ranges are from 250 to 1500 p.s.i., and special ranges are available. The welded construction includes a welded cable strain relief complete with 15 f t of four-conductor, shielded, PTFE- covered cable with pig-tail ends. The load cell is available in 3/8- and 1/2-in diameters. Wessex Electronics Ltd., Stover Trading Estate, Yate, Bristol, BS17 5QP. Chromatographic Dyestuff -1ffi-Gel Blue, an affinity chromatography material, is a reactive dye coupled to cross- linked agarose, having a biospecific affinity for nucleotide-requiring enzymes. Binding is so specific that the enzymes can be eluted with low levels of substrates or effectors of these enzymes. Bio-Rad Laboratories Ltd., 27 Homesdale Road, Bromley, Kent, RR2 9LY. 367

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD9771400363

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

December, 1977 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TRUST FUKD 367 Publications Received Mercury Contamination: A Human Tragedy. Patricia A. D’Itri and Frank M. D’Itri. En- vironmental Science and Technology Series. Pp. xxiv + 311. Xew York, London, Sydney and Toronto: John Wiley. 1977. Price i13.45; $22.50. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. Xinth Edition. Revised by Gessner G . Hawley. Pp. xvi + 957. Sew York, Cincinnati, Atlanta, Dallas, San Francisco, London, Toronto and Melbourne : Van Nostrand Reinhold.1977. Price k26.35. Energetic Materials. Volume 1. Physics. and Chemistry of the Inorganic Azides. Edited by H. D. Fair and R. F. Walker. Pp. xvi f 503. New York and London: Plenum Press. 1977. Price $59.40. Energetic Materials. Volume 2. Techno- logy of the Inorganic Azides.Edited by H. D. Fair and R. F. Walker. Pp. xiv + 296. New York and London: Plenum Press. 1977. Price $47.40.368 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED Proc. Analyt. Div. Clzem. SOC. Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography. Edited by Robert L. Grob. Pp. xx + 654. New York, London, Sydney and Toronto: John Wiley. 1977. Price L16; $28. Liquid Chromatography in Practice. P. A. Bristow. Pp. xii + 265.Cheshire: HETP. 1976. Price L l O , $20 (paperback); k14, $28 (hardback); L5, $10 (microfiche). The Analytical Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. Edited by K. Venkataraman. Pp. xxvi + 591. New York, London, Sydney and Toronto: John Wiley. 1977. Price L31.90; $54. Analysis of Drugs of Abuse. Eleanor Berman. Heyden International Topics in Science. Pp. x + 80. London, New York and Rheine: Heyden.1977. Price $11; L5.50; DM35. Enzyme Kinetics. The Steady-state Approach. Paul C. Engel. Outline Studies in Biology. Pp. 96. London: Chapman and Hall. Distri- buted by Halsted Press in the TJSA. 1977. Price L1.75 (paperback), Critical Evaluation of Some Equilibrium Constants Involving Alkylammonium Ex- tractants. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Division Com- mission on Equilibrium Data.A. S. Kertes. Pp. vi + 30. Oxford, hTew York, Toronto, Sydney, Paris and Frankfurt : Pergamon Press. 1977. Price L3.30 (flexicover). U.K. Chemical Industry Statistics Hand- book 1977. Ninth Edition. Compiled by Chemical Industries Association. Pp. 164. London: Chemical Industries Assoc- iation Limited. 1977. Price L10, CIA mem- bers; L15, UK non-members; L16.50, overseas non-members.Newburger’s Manual of Cosmetic Analysis. Second Edition. Edited by Alan J. Senzel. Pp. viii + 150. Washington, D.C. : Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1977. Price $10. Analytical Calorimetry. Volume 4. Edited by Roger S. Porter and Julian F. Johnson. Pp. x + 251. New York and Lon- don: Plenum Press. 1977.Price $33. Development and Evaluation of a Hexokin- ase/Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Procedure for use as a National Glucose Reference Method. Jane W. Neese, Patricia Duncan, David Bayse, Mary Robinson, Teresa Cooper and Charles Stewart. Pp. vi + 147. Atlanta, Ga.: Center for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. 1976. Gratis. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Nitrite in Meat Products, Central Institute for Nutrition and Food Research TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands, September 7-10, 1976.Edited by B. J . Tinbergen and B. Krol. Pp. 326. Wageningen : Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation. 1977. Price Dfl65. Health and Safety at Work. Safety Repre- sentatives and Safety Committees. Health and Safety Commission.Pp. 48. London: HM Stationery Office. 1977. Price LO. 35. The Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services. F. W. Lancaster and M. J . Joncich. Pp. xii + 395. Washington, D.C. : Information Resources Press. 1977. Price $27.50. Report of the Central Drugs Laboratory, Calcutta. 1st April 1971 to 31st March, 1974. Pp. iv + 60. Delhi: Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Planning.Price Rs14; k1.64; $5.04. The Minicomputer in the Laboratory: With Examples Using the PDP-11. James W. Cooper. Pp. xviii + 365. New York, London, Sydney and Toronto : John Wiley. 1977. Price L13; $22.45. Mikrochimica Acta. Supplementum VII. Achtes Kolloquium iiber metallkundliche Analyse mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Elektronenstrahl- und Ionenstrahl- Mikroanalyse.Wien, 27 bis 29 Oktober, 1976. Editor, M. K. Zacherl. Pp. viii + 596. Vienna and New York : Springer-Verlag. 1977. Price Sch1600; DM232. The Determination of Vinyl Chloride. A Plant Manual. 3rd Edition. Edited by W. Thain. Pp. vi + 156. London: Chemical Industries Association Limited. 1977. Price A20 (CIA members, Ll5).December, 1977 PUBLIC-4TIONS RECEVIED 369 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man.Volume 13. Some Miscellaneous Pharma- ceutical Substances. Pp. 257. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Distributed by the World Health Organization. Available in the UK through HM Stationery Office. 1977. Price Swfr 30; $12. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man.Volume 14. Asbestos. Pp. 106. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Distributed by the U70rld Health Organization. Available in the UK through H M Stationery Office. 1977. Price Swfr 14; $6. The Determination of Sulphur - containing Groups. Volume 3. Analytical Methods for Sulphides and Disulphides. M. R. F. Ashworth. Pp. xii + 220. London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press.1977. Pricefjll; $21.50. Aquametry. Part 1. A Treatise on Methods for the Determination of Water. Second Edition. John Mitchell, J r . , and Donald Milton Smith. Chemical Analysis, Volume 5. Pp. xvi + 632. New York, London, Sydney and Toronto: John Wiley. 1977. Price L22.45; $38. Non-aqueous! Solutions-5, Plenary and Section Lectures presented at the Fifth International Conference on Non- aqueous Solutions, Leeds, England, 5-9 July 1976.International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in conjunction with The Chemical Society (London) (Dalton and Faraday Divi- sions). Edited by J . B. Gill. Pp. vi + 124. Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydney, Paris and Frankfurt: Pergamon Press. 1977. Price $23.75; k13. Analytical and Quantitative Methods in Microscopy. Edited by G.A. Meek and H. Y. Elder. Society fov Experimental Biology. Seminar Series 3. Pp. viii + 276. Cambridge, London, New York and Melbourne : Cambridge University Press. 1977. Price A12 (hardback) ; L4.75 (paperback). Gas Chromatographs as Industrial Process Analysers. D. J. Huskins. Pp. xvi + 166. Bristol: Adam Hilger. 1977. Price fj10. Handbook of Analysis of Synthetic Poly- mers and Plastics.J . Urbariski, W. Czerwifiski, K. Janicka, F. Majewska and H. Zowall. Translation Editor, G. Gordon Cameron. Ellis Horwood Series in Analytical Chemistry. Pp. 494. Chichester : Ellis Horwood. Warsaw : Wydawnictwa Nau- kowo-Techniczne. Distributed by John Wiley in Australia, Kew Zealand, South-east Asia, Canada, Europe and Africa; and by Halsted Press in North and South America and the rest of the world.1977. Price L25; $47.50. Stochastic Processes in Chemical Physics : The Master Equation. Irwin Oppenheim, Kurt E. Shuler and George H. Weiss. Pp. x + 561. Cambridge, Mass. and London: MIT Press. 1977. Price i14. Trace Analysis of Atmospheric Samples. Kikuo Oikawa. Pp. viii + 158. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd. n'ew York, London, Sydney and Toronto: John Wiley. 1977.Price L16.90; $28.60. Analytical Applications of NMR. D. E. Leyden and R. H, Cox. Chenzical Analysis, Volume 48. Pp. xii + 456. New York, London, Sydney and Toronto: John Wiley. 1977. Price k20.75; $35. Ion- Selective Electrodes. Second Sympos- ium Held at Matrafured, Hungary, 18-21 October, 1976. Edited by E. Pungor. Pp. 263. Budapest: Akadkmiai Kiad6.1977. Price L9.30. Accuracy in Spectrophotometry and Lumi- nescence Measurements. Proceedings of the Conference Held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., March 22-24, 1972. Edited by R. Mavrodineanu, J. I. Schultz and 0. Menis. NBS Special Publication No. 378. Reprinted from the Sational Bureau of Stand- ards Journal of Research, Section A, Physics and Chemistry, Vol.76A, Nos. 5 and 6, Sept.- Oct. and Nov.-Dec., 1972. Pp. x + 356. Washington : National Bureau of Standards. 1973. Price $4.85.370 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS Proc. A?zalyt. Die!. Chem. soc. Standardization in Spectrophotometry and Luminescence Measurements. Proceed- ings of a Workshop Seminar held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithers- burg, Md, November 19-20,1975. Edited by I<. D. Mielenz, 13. ,4. Velapoldi and R. Mavrodineanu. N B S Special Publication S o . 466. Reprinted from the National Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, Section A, Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 80A, Nos. 3 and 4, May-June, and July-Aug., 1976. Pp. x +152. ll’ashington : National Bureau of Standards. 1977. Price $5.25. Professor L. S. Bark Dr. L. S. Bark has recently been appointed to the Chair of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Salford.

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD977140367b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

370 CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS Proc. Analyt. Die!. Chem SOC. Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants” will be held in Geneva. Scientists from many countries will be presenting plenary lectures, research papers and poster sessions. -4n exhibition of instruments and literature relevant to this field is also planned. One day, April 6th, will be set aside to deal with a clearly-defined topic from an interdisciplinary angle ; the topic chosen is “Atmospheric Particles from Non-stationary Combustion Sources : Implications for -4nalyti- cal Chemistry.” April 5 and 7 will be devoted strictly to analytical papers and poster sessions. Further information can be obtained from the Congress Secretariat, 8th Annual Symposium on the Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, P.O.Box 182, CH-4013 Basle, Switzerland ; applica- tion forms and fees must be in before February 28th, 1978.Conferences and Meetings Fifth Annual Reports on Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium January 5, 1978, Shefield The Symposium will be held in the University of Sheffield, Ranmoor House, Shore Lane, Shef- field S10 3AY. Booking forms should be returned to the Symposium Secretary before December 31, 1977.Professor Takeuchi will speak between Registration and Lunch, then in the afternoon there will be research papers from Mr. A Calokerinos, Dr. C. D. Wall, Mr. D. J. Allen, Dr. R. G. Michel and Professor R. Hermann. The Symposium is jointly organised by the Atomic Spectroscopy Group of the CS/AD and the Sheffield Metallurgical and Engineering A4ssociation Modern Methods of Analysis Group.The Secretary of the Symposium is Mr. R. W. Scattergood, 7, Grange Crescent, Sheffield S118AY. Eighth Annual Symposium on the Analyti- cal Chemistry of Pollutants April 5-7, 1978, Geneva, Switzerland The 1978 Symposium of the series on “The Colloquium Spectroscopicurn Internation- ale XXI July 1-6, 1979, Cambridge The Association of British Spectroscopists is acting as sponsor for the joint XXI Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale/8th Interna- tional Conference on Atomic Spectroscopy.The conference will reflect the current level of interest in all branches of spectroscopy, with a particular emphasis on the general theme of _Analytical Spectroscopy. Specific 1-, 2- and %day symposia on selected techniques of spectroscopy will be arranged to feature ad- vances in the following : molecular spectroscopy ; X-ray spectroscopy ; optical emission spectro- scopy ; atomic-absorption spectroscopy ; gamnia- ray and neutron-activation techniques ; mass spectrometry; and Auger, ESCA and photo- electron spectroscopy.In addition, symposia concerned with the application of the techniques of spectroscopy will be arranged to include : trace analysis ; environmental analysis ; solution analysis ; surface analysis ; determination of major components ; polymer analysis ; and spectroscopy in plant and on-line processes. There will be an instrument exhibition and a full social and ladies’ programme. Residential accommodation will be in Colleges of the University of Cambridge. For further information contact the Con- ference Secretariat, Association of British Spectroscopists, XXI CSI/8th ICAS, P.O. Box 100, Cambridge CR 1 2HY.

ISSN:0306-1396    

DOI:10.1039/AD9771400370

出版商:RSC    

年代:1977

数据来源: RSC