摘要:

Abstract:The effects of a loading dose of 15 mg/kg phenytoin by iv infusion on the serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and glucose were investigated in five fasting healthy male volunteers between the ages of 23 and 35 years. Serum glucose concentrations rose immediately after the infusion of phenytoin followed by a significant increase in serum insulin values (P<0.05). A slight elevation in mean glucagon concentrations after the infusion was not statistically significant. Further studies are indicated to determine whether phenytoin as used in the treatment of status epilepticus may aggravate the hyperglycemia associated with seizures.

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The analgesic efficacy of 100 and 200 mg isoxepac was compared with that of 50 mg indomethacin in a double‐blind, single‐dose, between‐patient (parallel) study with placebo control. Oral doses were administered to 120 patients whose postoperative plan justified administration of analgesics on the morning of the day following knee surgery for meniscectomy. No appreciable differences emerged between 100 mg isoxepac and placebo, though 50 mg indomethacin and 200 mg isoxepac gave better analgesia than either 100 mg isoxepac or placebo. Peak and duration of pain relief was of the same order with 50 mg indomethacin, and 200 mg isoxepac would appear to be the minimal effective dose in the clinical setting of postoperative pain following knee meniscectomy. The incidence of side effects on all three active treatments was remarkedl

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Two‐hundred and one outpatients with postoperative pain following oral surgery were randomly assigned, on a double‐blind basis, a single oral dose of diflunisal (250, 500, or 1000 mg), aspirin (650 mg), or placebo. Using a self‐rating record, the subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 12 hours after medication. Measures of peak and total analgesia were derived from the patients' subjective reports. Diflunisal 250 and 1000 mg were significantly superior to aspirin for every measure of total and peak analgesia; the 500‐mg diflunisal dose was significantly superior to aspirin for measures of total analgesia only. All doses of diflunisal were significantly superior to aspirin and placebo at each hour from hour 3 through hour 12. Approximately 60 per cent of the patients treated with diflunisal completed the 12‐hour observation period without the need for additional analgesic therapy. Adverse effects were mild and transitory and occurred in less than 10 per cent of the

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effects of the antidiuretic agent chlorpropamide and the diuretic agent tolazamide on solute‐free water clearance (CH2O) were compared in noninsulin‐dependent diabetic patients undergoing water diuresis. Hyperglycmia (fasting serum glucose above 200 mg/dl) obscured the effects of these two sulfonylureas onCH2O. Thiazide or ethacrynic acid enhancement of chlorpropamide antidiuresis was also blunted by hyperglycemia and attendant osmotic diuresis. Thus, the low incidence of symptomatic hyponatremia during chlorpropamide treatment of diabetic patients may be explained by persistent hyperglycemia in such patie

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:To investigate the relationship between the clinical diagnosis of thromboembolic disease and heparin requirements for anticoagulation, we prospectively studied 31 patients suspected to have either deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Six had the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism confirmed by a combination of ventilation and perfusion scans with pulmonary angiography, eight had venograms showing deep vein thrombosis, seven had diseases which mimicked pulmonary embolism, and ten had normal venograms. These four diagnostic groups were not significantly different with respect to heparin requirements during the first 24 hours of therapy (x̄ ± S.D. = 426 ± 105, 507 ± 105, 434 ± 79, and 457 ± 46 units/kg per 24 hours, respectively). Patients with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis did not differ significantly with respect to heparin requirements (UNITS/kg per 24 hours) on the second (386 ± 108 vs. 439 ± 127), third (415 ± 136 vs. 464 ± 130), and fourth (374 ± 104 vs. 418 ± 127) days of therapy. Our data suggest that the clinical diagnosis does not affect the dose of heparin necessary to anticoagulate patients with pulmonary embolism and deep vein

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effects of propranolol on the turnover of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (rT3) were determined by a non‐compartmental analysis in seven normal men. Fourteen normal subjects were treated with 0.2 mg T4daily, and half of this group (seven) received in addition 80 mg propranolol daily. Fifteen days of propranolol treatment did not alter serum T4concentration or T4turnover. However, it lowered serum T3concentration from 173 to 102 ng/dl (P= 0.001); T3clearance was unchanged. Propranolol treatment elevated serum rT3concentration from 54 to 69 ng/dl (P= 0.05); rT3metabolic clearance rate fell from 105 to 90 liters/day but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The rT3disposal rate was unchanged by propranolol. The fractional T4disposal which was degraded via the deiodinative pathways was reduced from 82.0 per cent in the control subjects to 65.5 per cent in the propranolol treated subjects. Therefore, propranolol appears to be a potent inhibitor of 5′‐deiodination. The interpretation of serum T3measurements in patients treated with propranolol r

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Erythrityl tetranitrate, a long‐acting organic nitrate, was compared with isosorbide dinitrate in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled complete crossover study in 15 healthy male volunteers. A digital plethysmogram and ear densitogram were used to assess the physiologic response to these two sublingual nitrates, with the intensity and duration of drug effect calculated by differences in diastolic amplitude intensity before and after drug administration. Both 5 mg sublingual erythrityl tetranitrate and 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate produced significant increases in diastolic amplitude intensity for up to 3 hours. The erythrityl tetranitrate peak effect was less than that of the isosorbide dinitrate, but the incidence of headaches was also less. The ear densitogram was found to be an effective means of assessing the diastolic amplitude intensity ch

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effects of three erythromycin preparations on theophylline elimination kinetics were examined in 23 male subjects. Subjects received 6 mg/kg of theophylline elixir orally and elimination kinetics were determined. The population was then randomized to receive either a lactose placebo, erythromycin base, erythromycin stearate, or erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Each 250‐mg preparation was given four times a day for six days. On day seven, a repeat kinetic study was performed. The mean theophylline half‐life of controls was 7.8 ± 2.6 hours. The half‐life increased significantly in all erythromycin treatment groups. The increase for the base, stearate, and ethylsuccinate groups was 51.7, 21.3, and 60.3 per cent, respectively. The total body theophylline clearance decreased significantly in all treatment groups. This was not associated with biochemical evidence of hepatitis. Three of four smokers who received erythromycin manifested no increase in theophylline half‐life, in contrast to one of 13 nonsmokers. There was no difference in the percentage theophylline bound to serum protein for any of the erythromycin treatment groups or controls as determined by ultracentri

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A recently marketed prolonged‐release quinidine gluconate tablet was compared with the innovator's tablet in a single‐dose bioavailability study with 12 healthy male subjects. The extent of absorption of quinidine from the new marketed product was only 50 per cent that of the innovator's product. This finding, as well as projections of steady‐state plasma concentrations to be expected during multiple‐dose administration, indicated a bioequivalence problem with medically significant implications. The data obtained in this study resulted in a Class I recall of the less completely absorbed product by the U.S. Food and Drug Adminis

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:14C‐Captopril was administered as 100‐mg tablets to 12 subjects in a two‐way crossover study in which subjects were either fasted or were given a standard meal immediately prior to dosing. Based on blood level and urinary excretion data, both the absorption of total radioactivity and the bioavailability of captopril were decreased approximately 35 to 40 per cent after a meal. Whether this moderate decrease in the absorption and the bioavailability of captopril caused by food is of clinical significance has not yet been deter

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY