摘要:

ABSTRACT.In this population-based study the colic incidence was 9.4%, according to telephone interviews with the parents made when the infants were 5 weeks of age (n = 1628), and parental concern about infant crying was common. However, 7-day diaries of colicky and control infants (n = 116 + 119) revealed low distress amounts in colicky infants in general. In the subgroup of Wessel-colicky infants (n = 37), distress episodes were frequent and long lasting, and there was a high proportion of colicky crying versus fussing and normal crying. Even if there may be a reduction in the infantile colic incidence and support for the hypothesis that infantile colic is at least partially “in the eye of the beholder,” that is, the concerned parent, a subgroup of infants may be more “genuinely colicky.” Women who had stated in late-pregnancy interviews that there is a risk of spoiling an infant with too much physical contact were more likely to have infants with colic, and their infants were more distressed, even when given the same amount of physical contact. This finding warrants further elucidation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is defined as an impairment in the development of motor coordination that interferes with academic achievement or activities of daily living (DSM-IV). DCD has been reported to affect 5% to 9% of children in the normal population. This study describes the prevalence of DCD in a cohort of extremely low birth weight children (ELBW, ≤800 g) at 8.9 years of age, from which were excluded children with major impairments. Seventy-three children were included in the study group, along with 18 term-born, socially matched controls. Of the 73 ELBW children, 37 (51%) were classified as having DCD. ELBW children with DCD also had significantly lower Performance IQ (PIQ) scores and were more likely (43%) to have a learning difficulty in arithmetic than ELBW children who did not have DCD. This study found that DCD is a common problem in school-aged ELBW children.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The objective of the study was to evaluate an association between low birth weight (LBW) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) attending to potential family-genetic and environmental confounders. We examined 252 ADHD cases (boys and girls) and 231 non-ADHD controls and their parents. All subjects were extensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews, cognitive assessments, and structured interviews of prenatal, infancy, and delivery complications. ADHD cases were three times more likely to have been born LBW than were non-ADHD controls, after attending to potential confounders such as prenatal exposure to alcohol and cigarettes, parental ADHD, social class, and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders in parents and offspring. If this association was causal, 13.8% of all ADHD cases could be attributed to LBW. These results converge with prior studies documenting similar associations and indicate that LBW is an independent risk factor for ADHD. Children with LBW, however, make up a relatively small proportion of children with ADHD.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Psychotropic medications are increasingly used for very young children. Patterns of use in a well-described group of children 3 years and younger with a diagnostic label of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reveal both reasons to use such medications and concerns about how these medications are used. Of 223 children with ADHD, more than half (n = 127) received psychotropic medications in an idiosyncratic manner, both in the specific medication and in use over time. Almost half of the children who were medicated did not have opportunities for monitoring as often as every 3 months, despite the fact that more than half received psychotropic medications for 6 months or longer. Children with comorbid mental health conditions and chronic health conditions were at greater risk for receiving psychotropic medications. These patterns of use demonstrate a compelling need for guidance in psychopharmacological treatment of very young children.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Mothers bringing their children to a behavioral pediatrics clinic vary considerably in terms of concerns about their children, their own emotional status, and their sense of familial and social support. Knowledge of these factors may enhance differential diagnosis and advise treatment decisions. Mothers of 90 children ages 6–12 years completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Mental Health Inventory (MHI), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Health Concerns Questionnaire before their initial appointment. Cluster analysis revealed four groups of mothers that varied in their apparent motivation for seeking assistance. These groups included advice-seeking mothers, mothers that had concerns about the medical well-being of their children, mothers that were overwhelmed by their current circumstances, and mothers whose concerns about their dyadic relationships may have been displaced onto their children. The study findings support the use of cluster analysis in clinical research. Future research could focus on the specific intervention needs of these different types of families.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The diagnosis of bipolar mood disorder (BP) in preadolescents (pediatric mania) has generated considerable controversy in terms of its estimated prevalence and validity as a diagnostic category. The relative paucity of systematic studies and the current diagnostic confusion related to the disorder are often attributed to the apparent discontinuities in the childhood versus adult presentation of the illness, namely, irritability as the predominant “mood” of mania and a continuous course of symptoms. The goal of this article is to review the current literature and identify sources of confusion relating to pediatric mania by considering results to date within a larger context that include findings from studies on (1) BP illness in adults, (2) mood disorders across the lifespan, (3) the role of development in symptom expression, and (4) patterns of heritability in psychiatric disorders. Whereas much remains to be investigated in the validation of the diagnosis for children, integrating results across studies may provide a framework for understanding the differences in the presentation of severe mood disorders in children and adults.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID