摘要:

Developmental characteristics of three girls with 18p- syndrome are described, with detailed history and results of psychological and speech/language evaluations completed at various ages. Results suggest that some children with 18p- syndrome have average abilities in selected areas, despite previous reports that these children have mild to severe mental retardation. Two of the three girls had more severe deficits in linguistic, as opposed to nonlinguistic, abilities. All had similar difficulties with speech articulation. It is suggested that children with speech/language delays who have physical features associated with this syndrome have chromosome analysis performed. It is also recommended that children identified as having 18p- syndrome be referred for comprehensive developmental assessments and remedial special education programming before a specific prognosis is determined.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A major issue concerning central auditory nervous system (CANS) evaluation is the appropriateness of the norms used. The use of currently available CANS norms in the evaluation of urban black children may result in inaccurate diagnosis. The subjects of this study were 40 black children who were intellectually, functionally, and behaviorally normal. Ages ranged from 7 years 4 months to 11 years 4 months. Candidates were identified by classroom teachers, then evaluated by specialists, using interviews, records, observation, and tests to identify “hidden” handicaps. Performance data were obtained on each of the age groups for the following CANS tests: time compressed speech; competing sentences; filtered speech; binaural fusion; alternating sentences; and staggered spondaic words. The results indicated that the performance of normal black children on the CANS test used in this study is not quantitatively nor qualitatively different from the performance of normal white subjects on the same tests.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Preliminary evidence suggests that fetal movement in response to vibrotactile stimulation “habituates” with repeated exposure. If demonstrated in fetuses, the habituation paradigm may be useful as a measure of fetal well-being or as a predictor of neonatal outcome. However, the ability of the fetal response decrement phenomenon to meet criteria for habituation which would distinguish it from simple receptor fatigue has not been evaluated. In this study, fetuses were exposed to two different frequencies of vibration applied to the maternal abdomen. Fetal movement was observed on an ultra sound monitor. An inverse relationship between the strength of the stimulus and rapidity of the response decrement was not observed. However, return of the response to presentation of a novel stimulus, response decrement to repetition of the second stimulus, and more rapid response decrement upon re-presentation of the original stimulus suggest that the fetal response decrement phenomenon is true habituation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Much of the responsibility for managing children with developmental disabilities lies with professionals working in community services. In many instances advice and consultation for these front line professionals is available from a regional consultation facility. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the relationship between community professional clients' perceptions of the quality of the consultations received and their subsequent compliance with the recommendations made to them for the management of children in their care. Two hundred and ninety-nine consultation recommendations were followed: 2 weeks after the advice had been provided, clients completed a general satisfaction questionnaire and a client perceptions questionnaire. Two months later, compliance with the recommendation was determined by a validated self-report questionnaire. Overall, compliance was good for 73% of the recommendations. Negative client perceptions regarding several aspects of the consultants' skills in conducting the consultation were strongly associated with subsequent noncompliance. The findings suggest that community professional compliance may be enhanced by attention to improving the process of consultation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Within the theoretical framework of family dynamics, the anxiety levels expressed by 20 diabetic children, the level of anxiety ascribed to them by their mothers, and the anxiety levels of 20 healthy children were studied. The diabetic children did not form an emotionally deviant group in terms of their expressed anxiety, although their mothers viewed them as significantly more anxious than they judged themselves. The mothers' own anxiety was the best predictor of their perceptions of their children's anxiety. The results are discussed in terms of their effects on communication and coping in the families.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There are five universal exigencies of being human, against which a person's existence can be evaluated: pairbondage, troopbondage, abidance, ycleptance, and foredoomance. They constitute a template from which a standardized agenda or schedule of inquiry is generated, as needed, for a particular research investigation. The schedule of inquiry is painstakingly designed ahead of time so as to ensure coverage of all the variables relevant to a particular study. For economy of expense and effort, subjects conclude their own prior interview by summarizing it on tape, with the interviewer making a written record, verbatim, of what will become subheadings in the transcript. Inquiry progresses from an open-ended to a forced choice interrogatory. Topics in the public domain open the way to inquiry on personally sensitive issues. So also do parables drawn from actual cases and used as personalized narrative projective tests. A cumulative record, covering as many as 25 years, is indexed so that relevant material can be located, abstracted, and classified for any particular study. A jury of two or more then uses the abstracted data to fill out a prepared data schedule, using its own standardized scoring or rating criteria. By contrast, an ordinary questionnaire uses standardized questions, and each subject applies his or her own unstandardized scoring or rating criteria in answering them. In the final step, the jury's ratings are tabulated on a master chart that consolidates the scores of a group of subjects and controls, ready for statistical analysis.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A food additive-free diet has been recommended as a component of the treatment of developmental/ behavioral disorders in children. This diet was initially developed by Dr. Benjamin Feingold for the treatment of aspirin sensitivity in adults, and then extended by him to the management, particularly, of hyperactivity and learning disability in children. The rationale for this diet and the methods employed in investigating its use are described. The claimed therapeutic effects of this diet have been investigated in a number of well-designed studies reviewed here. These studies generally refute a causal association between food additives and behavioral disturbance in children. Suggestions are made regarding the approach towards food additive-free diet therapy in the management of developmental/behavioral disorders.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The average child bom today will, by age 15, have spent more time watching television than going to school. Research has shown that heavy doses of TV violence viewing are associated with the development of aggressive attitudes and behavior. TV viewing also appears to cultivate stereotypic views of gender roles and race. Finally, television commercials often capitalize on children's naivete, and also can foster and reinforce overly materialistic attitudes. All of these adverse effects can be minimized if parents restrict the amount of overall viewing, encourage some programs and discourage others, and talk to children frequently about the meaning of what they see on television.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Literature supporting the finding that boys do not fare as well in school performance during the first few years of school is reviewed, and possible reasons for this pattern are presented. These reasons are categorized as biological (e.g., X-linkage of intellectual traits) and social (e.g., sex-role training is more stringent for boys than for girls, and parents may place more pressure on boys for academic achievement). Social factors are presented in light of the rapid social change that has been taking place in the carrying out of adult sex roles and whether this has filtered down to changes in the sex-role training in the socialization of children. Pediatricians should be aware of whether school problems are occurring for both boys and girls, and their responses to such problems may differ, depending on the child's sex.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recurrent abdominal pain of childhood is a frequent complaint that is often difficult for the physician to manage. This paper outlines the various psychological and physiological factors that have been implicated in causing recurrent abdominal pain and in difficulties in coping with the disorder. Guidelines for diagnosis and management are offered.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID