ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To understand better the cognitive sequelae of mild perinatal brain injury, we studied three groups of high-risk infants, using the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELM Scale). Premature infants with Grades I and II intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH) were delayed on the expressive but not the receptive subscale of the ELM Scale. Mildly asphyxiated full-term infants were slightly delayed on both the expressive and receptive subscales. Premature infants without IVH performed the same as the normal sample on which the scale was based. Although normal intellectual functioning has been reported in infants with Grade I-II IVH, this study demonstrates early specific deficits in expressive language in these children. These results are discussed in relation to localization of language in the adult brain, and the influence of subcortical structures on development and maturation of the cortex.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:3–7, 1987.Index terms:intraventricular hemorrhage, language, cognitive development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The need for comprehensive screening of pediatric populations to identify potential development problems is widely accepted. The lack of systematic screening in pediatric practice is due to several factors, including the need for an efficient, reliable instrument and the limited professional time available for screening. The present study compares the effectiveness of a screening instrument, the Minnesota Child Development Inventory, with an individually administered psychological test, the McCarthy Scales of Child Development. Because the former uses a parent report format, little professional time is involved in screening. The Minnesota and McCarthy were administered to 364 children who were within 1 month of their third birthday. Four of five Minnesota scores correlated significantly (p< 0.0001) with each of the six McCarthy subscores. The Minnesota appears to be an efficient, valid test that would facilitate comprehensive screening in a pediatric population.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:8–11, 1987.Index terms:developmental screening, Minnesota Child Development Inventory, McCarthy Scales, child development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A group of 38 preschool children, first evaluated when 2 to 4 years old, functioning within the borderline or mildly retarded ranges of intelligence, were reevaluated at the ages of 6 or 7 years. It was found that cognitive and linguistic limitations remained fairly stable over time. The most global of the early measures best predicted subsequent attainment, both for children with language skills significantly below performance and for those with more even function. Preschool language deficiencies reflected in a significant discrepancy between verbal and performance abilities in early intelligence testing were not subsequently associated with greater academic difficulties. At the time of reevaluation, receptive understanding of language exceeded expressive competence, and semantic skills were stronger than syntactic abilities.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:12–17, 1987.Index terms:preschool follow-up, preschool language, mildly handicapped preschoolers, borderline intelligence, mild mental retardation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The presence of a defined set of behaviors was examined in 67 hospitalized infants, 3–24 months old; 17 with organic failure-to-thrive (OFTT), 17 with nonorganic failure-to-thrive (NOFTT), and 33 with no signs of failure-to-thrive. The usefulness of assessing these behaviors to distinguish nonorganic from organic failure-to-thrive infants was evaluated. The frequency of behaviors per infant as well as the intensity of behaviors was greater for NOFTT. The order of decreasing frequency of behaviors was similar in both OFTT and NOFTT infants. Four of the 7 most prevalent behaviors occurred significantly more frequently in NOFTT than OFTT infants. The presence of these behaviors does not rule in NOFTT or rule out OFTT. However, when a number of the behaviors are present, particularly if they occur in high intensity, and when no organic disease is found, a diagnosis of NOFTT is suggested. Response to appropriate treatment remains the most reliable confirmation of the correct diagnosis.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:18–24, 1987.Index terms:failure-to-thrive, infant behavior.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hospitalization remains an available treatment option for nonorganic failure-to-thrive (NOFT) infants, even though it separates an infant from his/her caregiver and may further weaken an already impaired caregiver-infant attachment. Long-term hospitalization as an intervention for NOFT has been noted, but not documented, in previous reports in the literature. The present study describes patient characteristics, growth in hospital, and length of stay among a group of NOFT infants referred for and treated through long-term hospitalization. The study also investigated the effects of an additional family-oriented outpatient intervention program on hospital course and discharge planning for these infants. Results of the study found that NOFT infants referred for extended hospitalization were an impoverished group, with the majority showing below average developmental functioning. One-third presented with “interactional” failure-to-thrive, in which biological vulnerability coexisted with, but was not causative of, the infant's poor growth. Infants averaged 18 weeks in hospital, but lengths of stay differed, dependent on the presence of an outpatient treatment group and additional medical problems with both factors reliably associated with shorter lengths of stay. Infants in county welfare custody who did not receive additional outpatient intervention were also more likely to be placed outside the parental home at discharge.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:25–31, 1987.Index terms:failure-to-thrive, hospitalization, infant development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-one Boston children hospitalized with non-organic failure-to-thrive (FTT) were matched with 41 control subjects on age, socioeconomic status (SES), sex, and race. A precoded maternal interview was used to evaluate family stress, isolation, infant health, and the temperament and social maturity of the child. A regression analysis was performed with 27 variables thought to be potentially associated with the FTT diagnosis. Ten variables explained 81% of the between group variance onF-tests. The most significant distinctions were poor child health (p< 0.001), high reactivity to visual and auditory stimuli (p< 0.001), and disordered feeding interaction (p< 0.005). Other case-comparison differences included social isolation, few maternal opportunities to escape caregiving, the presence of a male adult in the family, fewer available extended family, fewer violent disagreements between parents, greater number of maternal unmarried years. Children with FTT appeared to have developmental idiosyncrasies. These conspire with social and familial factors to yield the current profile of non-organic FTT. This study questions whether such findings are the cause of FTT or are better understood as a result.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:32–36, 1987.Index terms:failure-to-thrive, abuse, neglect, development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recognizing the impressive range of behavioral capacities of newborn infants, clinicians and researchers have long searched for valid assessment instruments to help evaluate infant behavior. Behavioral assessments with high predictive validity would aid the goals of developmental diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment programs for infants born at risk from biological or environmental circumstances. The failure of current assessments to predict developmental outcome based on infant behavior may be due to the limited information about higher central nervous system (CNS) functioning obtained from available measures, or to the very dynamic nature of CNS organization in young infants. We begin our review by discussing some major functional characteristics of neonates and then proceed to describe critically the commonly used methods of neurological and behavioral assessment. Noting the need for measures that are more predictive, we turn next to a discussion of a number of experimental techniques that seem to hold great promise for developmental prediction and clinical application.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:39–50, 1987.Index terms:neonatal assessment, newborn behavior, developmental prediction.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID