摘要:

Limited information is available on the educational and behavioral functioning of short children. Through 27 participating medical centers, we administered a battery of psychologic tests to 166 children referred for growth hormone (GH) treatment (5 to 16 years) who were below the third percentile for height (mean height = –2.7 SD). The sample consisted of 86 children with isolated growth-hormone deficiency (GHD) and 80 children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). Despite average intelligence, absence of significant family dysfunction, and advantaged social background, a large number of children had academic underachievement. Both groups showed significant discrepancy (p< .01) between IQ and achievement scores in reading (6%), spelling (10%), and arithmetic (13%) and a higher-than-expected rate of behavior problems (GHD, 12%,p< .0001; ISS, 10%,p< .0001). Behavior problems included elevated rates of internalizing behavior (e.g., anxiety, somatic complaints) and externalizing behavior (e.g., impulsive, distractible, attention-seeking). Social competence was reduced in school-related activities for GHD patients (6%,p< .03).The high frequency of underachievement, behavior problems, and reduced social competency in these children suggests that short stature itself may predispose them to some of their difficulties. Alternately, parents of short, underachieving children may be more likely to seek help. In addition, some problems may be caused by factors related to specific diagnoses.J Dev Behav Pediatr 14:1-6, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examines the outcome at ages 2 and 3 years of very-low-birth-weight infants (N = 105) at double risk. Double risk was defined with reference to Fagan's model of intelligence. According to this model, cognitive-processing ability and culturally provided information produce knowledge. The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence was used to assess processing ability, whereas parental socioeconomic status (SES) was used as an indicator of available information. Knowledge was measured by means of well-known psychometric tests of young children's abilities. Children at double risk were consistently delayed with respect to knowledge of intellectual skills and language as compared with children who were not at double risk. The data suggest that the assessment of processing ability and parental SES may provide a better foundation for detecting developmental delay than does a medical main-effect model.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:7-13, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anxious parents can present a challenge to pediatricians. This study examines the relationship of the anxiety of parents seeking pediatric care for minor conditions to parental perceptions of the child's present condition, worries about the child not related to the present condition, and other personal worries. Assessments of 150 parents were made regarding parental anxiety, perceptions, and worries before and after a pediatric visit. A high-anxiety group (HAG) and low-anxiety group (LAG) were derived from the 25% most and 25% least-anxious parents. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that both before and after the pediatric visit, parents in the HAG reported significantly poorer understanding of the child's condition and reported more worry about the reason for the visit, the child's behavior, finances, school or day care, relationships, employment, and future and past events than parents in the LAG (p < .003). The results suggest that factors unrelated to the child influence the anxiety of highly anxious parents of a child with a minor ailment. Actions that focus solely on the child and the child's condition could have a limited impact on anxiety. When faced with an anxious parent of a child with a minor condition, it appears sensible not only to be aware of perceptions and worries related to the child, but also other personal life concerns for that parent, the parent's general tendency to worry or become anxious, and how that parent is processing information.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:14-19, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The negative impact on psychologic adjustment from the stress of living with newly diagnosed cancer is hypothesized to be affected by perceived social support. Thirty children with newly diagnosed cancer completed standardized assessment instruments measuring depressive symptoms, state anxiety, trait anxiety, social anxiety, general self-esteem, and perceived social support from classmates, parents, teachers, and friends. Their parents completed a standardized assessment instrument measuring internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Perceived classmate, parent, and teacher social support were variously correlated with the psychologic adjustment parameters in the hypothesized direction of greater support predicting lower psychologic distress and higher self-esteem. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses identified perceived classmate social support as the most consistent predictor of adaptation, providing further evidence of the essential function of the social environment of the school setting in affecting the adjustment of children with newly diagnosed cancer.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:20-26, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The overall purpose of this study was to describe the developmental and functional status of young Latino children. We analyzed data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and estimated the percentages of young Mexican-American and mainland Puerto Rican children with indicators of developmental need for special services, i.e., low birth weight, use of neonatal intensive care, congenital problems, chronic conditions of developmental concern, functional limitations, and physician diagnoses of medical conditions. Estimates suggest that Puerto Rican children had substantially poorer status than Mexican-American children who, in turn, have indicators that are comparable with those reported for the general population. The difference in status between the two Latino groups merits further investigation.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:27-33, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Whether recent advances in developmental pediatrics have influenced pediatric practice is uncertain. We interviewed, in their offices, 41 randomly selected, board-certified, primary care pediatricians in Connecticut to explore their attitudes and clinical approaches to developmental problems. Responses were compared with those from a similar survey of 97 New England pediatricians performed 15 years ago. Important changes in certain clinical approaches were found. For example, pediatricians are currently less likely to rely on history and physical examination alone to confirm a suspicion of mental retardation (p< .01) and are more likely to refer such a child for further assessment (p< .01); they are more likely to perform hearing screening in evaluating a child with delayed speech (p< .05); they are more likely to contact the school in evaluating a failing child (p< .01), and are more likely to refer such a child for further assessment (p< .01). Results indicate favorable changes in pediatricians' approaches to developmental problems and support the greater emphasis on developmental issues in pediatric education.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:34-38, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (DLS) is a dysmorphogenic disorder typically associated with severe mental retardation. This report describes a rare case with normal-range verbal intelligence and specific cognitive deficits suggestive of a developmental visuospatial disorder. This was apparent in selective deficits in the ability to integrate visual percepts, copy spatial configurations, and manipulate representations of objects in space. Visual memory and psychomotor skills were also impaired. These deficits occurred within the context of normal language abilities and language-related academic achievement. The observed pattern of neuropsychologic impairment, in addition to aspects of socioemotional development, was similar to that seen in children with developmental right-hemisphere dysfunction. These findings suggest that the factors underlying DLS can be associated with fairly specific aberrations of cortical functioning.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:39-43, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Approximately one million dog bites occur yearly in the United States, and 60% to 70% of these are to children. Although the majority of dog bites are not serious, some are disfiguring or, on rare occasions, fatal. Bites are disruptive and stressful but also are preventable. This paper reviews the epidemiology of dog bites, examines the conditions under which bites occur, and discusses behavioral factors related to the dog and to the child that determine whether a bite will occur. Dog bites then are compared with other childhood injuries, and strategies for intervening both before and after a dog bite occurs are discussed.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:44-52, 1994

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID