摘要:

A self-rating scale was used to assess the presence or absence of depressive symptoms among mothers of 129 Barbadian school children, ages 5 to 11 years, who had experienced marasmus in the first year of life. They were matched with the same number of mothers comparison children who had no documented histories of malnutrition. Depressive symptoms, especially feelings of hopelessness, occurred more often among the mothers of previously malnourished children than among mothers of comparison children. Depressive symptoms were also more common in association with disadvantaged socioeconomic and home conditions. Maternal depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with the behavioral and cognitive functioning of the child during the school years. When both nutritional history and environmental conditions were controlled, maternal hopelessness had significant effects on school attendance and grades in reading, but there was no association with IQ. This led us to hypothesize that maternal depressive feelings may be an independent factor contributing to long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits in children with histories of early malnutrition.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:1–5, 1988.Index terms:maternal depressive symptoms, marasmus, protein-energy malnutrition, schoolchildren, IQ, behavior, socioeconomic status.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Temperament stability over successive ages in the first 2 years of life was evaluated for 109 full-term and 81 preterm infants who were assessed at 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. At each age, the infant was engaged in a series of age-appropriate vignettes in the laboratory, using a structured sequence of activities. Ratings were made of emotional tone, attentiveness, activity, and orientation to staff. Correlations indicated that, for full-term infants, there was significant stability across ages (6 to 9 months, 9 to 12 months, 12 to 18 months, and 18 to 24 months) for all variables. For preterm infants, stability across ages generally was not observed until later infancy, or was sporadic. The findings indicated that, for full-term infants, stable aspects of temperament were apparent during the first year of life. In contrast, individual differences were not as clearly defined for preterm infants until later ages.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:6–11, 1988.Index terms:temperament, preterm, infancy, longitudinal, risk.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To evaluate pediatricians' perceptions of the effectiveness of early intervention for handicapped and at-risk children, all board-certified pediatricians in the state of Ohio were surveyed. A detailed questionaire was developed which included the use of brief but specific cases identifying eight different children with documented handicaps and two cases of children at developmental risk. Overall, the results indicated that pediatricians judged early intervention to produce at least a modest effect on children's general development and function. A more optimistic perspective was held for families in that involvement in early intervention was viewed as improving substantially the ability of families to cope with the problems of a handicapped or at-risk child and to provide a supportive and stimulating environment. However, perceptions of effectiveness did vary for specific disability and at-risk groups. The correspondence between perceived effectiveness and existing research findings also was discussed.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:12–18, 1988.Index terms:early intervention, ratings by pediatricians, child and family outcomes.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Parents of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) suffer severe stress and anxiety. In order to provide a group of peers and ready access to caregivers, a support group was developed for the families of children with severe BPD. Fifty percent of invited families attended 1 to 11 monthly meetings. Those attending were primarily upper middle social class, white, married parents with a good visiting record. Members initially focused on specific topics (medical and developmental problems), but later discussions were oriented to psychosocial problems. Many parental anxieties had never previously been discussed with staff members. Commonly, parents complained about not understanding the medical care system. The parents were usually aware of the death of a child with BPD prior to the meeting and dealt with their feelings in the group discussion. Continuing interactions outside the hospital were common. The development of similar groups in other hospitals should be encouraged.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:19–24, 1988.Index terms:bronchopulmonary dysplasia, support group, self-help group, parental stress.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The perceived-benefit-of-drinking scale has been developed to assess reasons for drinking in an adolescent population. In this study, the self-administered questionnaire, which has been expanded to include a reason-for-drug-use scale, was completed by 1363 junior and senior high school students. A comprehensive battery of analytic techniques was used to investigate the performance of these perceived-benefit scales on this larger and wider age-range sample. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the instrument. The findings showed the two scales to perform well across a range of sociodemographic and age groups. These data reassert the strength of the approach and support the instrument's potential as a tool for clinically assessing adolescent substance use.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:25–29, 1988.Index terms:adolescents, substance abuse, alcohol and drug screening.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID