ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To determine the prevalence and factors associated with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use for childhood attention and hyperactivity problems, we surveyed parents of children referred for evaluation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parents indicated whether they had used CAM therapies (e.g., acupuncture, nutritional supplements) in the past year and rated how important different reasons were in making their therapy decisions. Overall, 62 of 114 (54%) parents reported using CAM, most commonly expressive therapies, vitamins, and dietary manipulation, to treat their child’s attention problems. Parents who used CAM rated a “natural therapy” and “having more control over treatments” significantly more important in their choice of therapy than parents who did not use CAM. Only 11% of parents discussed using CAM with their child’s physician. Because parents often use CAM to treat their child’s attention and hyperactivity problems without their pediatrician’s knowledge, pediatricians need to initiate discussions of CAM use with patients and families.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This article presents additional psychometric data and a revised scoring procedure for the widely used Impact on Family Scale. The analyses were conducted with three datasets produced by validation studies conducted at the originating institution with populations drawn from the same inner-city communities as the original sample. The instrument has one robust factor representing overall family impact. In addition, there are two subsidiary sets of items (financial impact and sibling impact) of possible interest to future researchers. The correlation of the previously published and new Total Score is .97. Data indicate that the Impact on Family Scale is an easily administered, reliable, and valid measure of a family member’s perception of the effect of a child’s chronic condition that can be used across diagnostic groups. The Impact on Family Scale fills a gap in the measurement of the psychological and social consequences of chronic disorders in childhood that can be useful in clinical and health services research.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To determine fetal growth and the incidence of withdrawal symptoms in term infants exposed to methamphetamine in utero, we retrospectively identified neonates whose mothers used methamphetamine during pregnancy and matched them to unexposed newborns. Exclusion criteria included multiple and preterm gestations. Although there were no differences in infant growth parameters between the methamphetamine-exposed and methamphetamine-unexposed neonates, methamphetamine exposure throughout gestation was associated with decreased growth relative to infants exposed only for the first two trimesters. In addition, there were significantly more small for gestational age infants in the methamphetamine group compared with the unexposed group. Methamphetamine-exposed infants whose mothers smoked had significantly decreased growth relative to infants exposed to methamphetamine alone. Withdrawal symptoms (as determined by a previously reported scoring system) requiring pharmacologic intervention were observed in 4% of methamphetamine-exposed infants. These preliminary findings indicate that methamphetamine use is associated with growth restriction in infants born at term.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To evaluate long-term outcomes for siblings of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), measures of sibling relationships and sibling behavior were collected an average of 4 years postinjury. The study sample included participants in a larger longitudinal study who had school-aged siblings, including 34 with severe TBI, 30 with moderate TBI, and 39 with orthopedic injuries not involving brain insult (ORTHO group). Group comparisons revealed more negative sibling relationships in families of children with TBI than in families of children in the ORTHO group, but only for mixed-gender sibling pairings. Behavior problems in children with TBI predicted both sibling relationships and sibling behavior problems. The findings indicate a need to monitor the adjustment of siblings and sibling relationships after TBI and to include siblings in family interventions.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study examined the effects of pregnant women’s acute stress reactivity and chronic anxiety on fetal heart rate (HR). Thirty-two healthy third trimester pregnant women were instrumented to monitor continuous electrocardiography, blood pressure, respiration, and fetal HR. Subjects completed the trait anxiety subscale of the State Trait Anxiety Index, then rested quietly for a 5-minute baseline period, followed by a 5-minute Stroop color-word matching task and a 5-minute recovery period. Fetal HR changes during women’s recovery from a stressful task were associated with the women’s concurrently collected HR and blood pressure changes (r= .63,p< .05). Fetal HR changes during recovery, as well as during women’s exposure to the Stroop task, were correlated with their mothers’ trait anxiety scores (r= .39,p< .05 andr= −.52,p< .01, respectively). Finally, a combination of measures of women’s cardiovascular activity during recovery and trait anxiety scores accounted for two thirds of the variance in fetal HR changes during the same recovery period (R2= .69,p< .001). The results from this study link changes in fetal behavior with acute changes in women’s cardiovascular activity after psychological stress and women’s anxiety status. This indicates that variations in women’s emotion-based physiological activity can affect the fetus and may be centrally important to fetal development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The influence of prenatal cocaine exposure on children’s language functioning was evaluated longitudinally at six time points from 4 months to 3 years of age. The Miami Prenatal Cocaine Study prospectively enrolled 476 full-term African-American infants at birth, categorized as cocaine-exposed (n = 253) or non-cocaine-exposed (n = 223) by maternal self-report and bioassays (maternal/infant urine, meconium). The Bayley Scales of Infant Development, scored using the Kent Scoring Adaptation for language, was administered at 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months. The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool was administered at 3 years. In longitudinal analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations, cocaine-exposed children had lower overall language skills than non-cocaine-exposed children (D = −0.151; 95% CI = −0.269, −0.033;p= .012). Longitudinal findings remained stable after evaluation of potential confounding influences including other prenatal substance exposures and sociodemographic factors. Preliminary evidence also indicated possible mediation through an intermediary effect involving cocaine-associated deficits in fetal growth.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week behavioral and social skill (BSS) class for children newly diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their parents, initiating stimulant treatment in primary care. The subjects were 100 children, aged 5 to 12 years, recently diagnosed with ADHD and treated with stimulant medication, and their parents or guardians. Eligible families were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG: n = 59) or control group (CG: n = 41). The BSS function of each child was assessed using DuPaul’s ADHD Parent Rating Scale (18-item) and Child Attention Profile (12-item) during blinded baseline and follow-up interviews. Parent discipline practice was assessed using a five-item inventory based on Likert-scale ratings during identical periods. Computerized pharmacy records were used to track psychostimulant use over time. IG children exhibited significantly lower parent-rated ADHD symptoms, whereas IG parents reported significantly better and more consistent discipline practices compared with CG parents across time. No significant differences were found between groups in Child Attention Profile scores across time. Psychostimulant use did not significantly differ between groups across time. BSS training was well accepted and seemed to significantly improve BSS functioning among IG children in the home setting only.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID