摘要:

A large sample of children (n = 850) from Dunedin, New Zealand, were classified into three groups, preterm (n = 31), small for gestational age (SGA; n = 71), and full-term, normal birth weight (n = 748). These groups were compared on intelligence measures taken at ages 3, 5, 7, and 9 years of age and parent and teacher behavior reports at 5, 7, and 9 years. The SGA group but not the preterm group had significantly lower IQ scores than the normal birth weight children. In addition, the mothers of the SGA children reported more behavior probelms. These differences were not attributable to socioeconomic disadvantage in the SGA group. The results suggest “it is better to be born too early than too small.”

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The parents of 150 children and adolescents, evaluated at a university psychiatry outpatient clinic and a mental health center, were surveyed to determine the frequency of various sleep-related behaviors. This clinic sample was compared with a nonclinic sample of 309 subjects from the general population. A significantly higher incidence of restless sleep, limb movements, nightmares, night terrors, reluctance going to sleep, sleeping with others, fear of dying, fears of dark, and daytime overactivity differentiated the clinic population from the nonclinic population. there were no significant differences in the frequencies of sleep behaviors in the clinic sample due to chronic ear-nose-throat (ENT) problems, sex, or social class. However, bedwetting, sleeping with others, bedtime rituals, need for security objects, fears of the dark, and daytime overactivity were significantly more frequent in the younger age population.Nightmares and restless sleep were more likely to occur in patients having anxiety-affective disorder or conduct disorder DSM III diagnoses, as compared to clinic patients without psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with mental retardation were more likely to experience fears of the dark. A significantly greater number of patients with attention deficit disorder manifested problems with snoring, head banging, restless sleep, and nighttime awakening. There appeared to be an association between chronic ENT problems and daytime overactivity.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Differences in temperament between 15 mildly developmentally delayed and 25 normal infants, ranging in age from 3 to 16 months, were examined using the Perception of Baby Temperament Instrument. Delayed infants differed significantly from normals with respect to the temperament dimensions of mood and approach. Mothers described their delayed infants as having lower positive mood scores and as being less approaching, more withdrawing, than did mothers of normal infants. The developmental implications of these findings as well as their impact on models of early intervention are discussed.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Currently the diagnosis of Specific Learning Disability (SLD) requires the demonstration of academic underachievement relative to cognitive potential. However, if the focus is shifted from academic underachievement to the detection of the deviant neurologic substrate, then the potential exists for diagnosing SLD prior to school. Circumstantial evidence from a variety of sources—studies of historical risk, the newborn examination, assessment of newborn behaviors, combination of newborn and subsequent examination, retrospective assessment of early development in SLD children, and aspects of infant development (motor or language) and SLD—suggests that the neurologic substrate for SLD can be identified in infancy. Early identification of SLD will permit early intervention when indicated, aid the assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and facilitate the evaluation of other interventions (e.g., neonatal care).

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report assessed outcomes of hypnotherapeutic interventions for 505 children and adolescents seen by four pediatricians over a period of one year and followed from four months to two years. Presenting problems included enuresis, acute pain, chronic pain, asthma, habit disorders, obesity, encopresis, and anxiety. Using strict criteria for determination of problem resolution (e.g., all beds dry) and recognizing that some conditions were intrinsically chronic, the authors found that 51% of these children and adolescents achieved complete resolution of the presenting problem; an additional 32% achieved significant improvement, 9% showed initial or some improvement; and 7% demonstrated no apparent change or improvement. Children as young as three years of age effectively applied self-hypnosis techniques. In general, facility in self-hypnosis increased with age. There was an inverse correlation (p < 0.001) between clinical success and number of visits, suggesting that prediction of responsivity is possible after four visits or less.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The autistic child's problems with language may be an impairment in symbolic functioning that affects all forms of communication, including representational thought and the ability to play creatively. The hypothesis that autistic children specifically do not project symbolic meaning onto toys (which is not associated with other conditions causing severe language disorder) was tested in a group of 15 severely language-impaired children. Data were obtained from a parent interview/questionnaire and analysis of a video-taped play session. The findings suggest that language-disordered children who meet DSM III criteria for autism most consistently show absence of symbolic play, and those who do have symbolic play fall into a wide range of diagnostic categoriesexcludingautism. The report presents valuable observational and interpretational clinical factors, useful in the assessment and differential diagnosis of a language-impaired child.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Television plays an important role in the lives of children, and for some a larger role than that of parents and schools. There are many educational, social, and recreational benefits gained from viewing television for persons of all ages. Detrimental effects, however, are also possible, especially if the viewer lacks the knowledge or emotional maturity to place a program in its proper perspective. Debate has centered on whose responsibility it is to provide children with this understanding and perspective, so that television's benefits outweigh its is to provide children with this understanding and perspective, so that television's benefits outweigh its detriments. This article reviews current research on the amount of television viewing by children, their reasons for doing so, and their understanding of what they see on television. The relationship is discussed between this understanding and the positive and negative effects of certain types of programs and advertisements. Suggestions for educational interventions by parents and teachers are provided.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article focuses on the early identification and referral of children who may have speech disorders. A distinction is made between speech and language, i.e., speech is the spoken vehicle by which we communicate our thoughts, as expressed symbolically through language. The evaluation of speech should be performed systematically by the assessment of four basic components of speech: phonation, resonance, articulation, and prosody. Suggestions regarding management and referral are presented.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID