ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This paper utilizes a three‐gap model to evaluate the three macroeconomic constraints, domestic saving, foreign exchange and public sector resource availability, faced by Uganda as it attempts to rehabilitate and reconstruct its war‐shattered economy. Using 1987 as a base year, the resulting three‐gap equations demonstrate a sharp trade off between investment (economic growth) and capacity utilization under foreign exchange constraint. The model is simulated over the period 1988–92–a period closely corresponds to the Uganda's structural adjustment facility program as well as for the period 1993–97. The size of the foreign exchange gap, $634 and $545 per year during the first and second five years period, illustrates quite vividly the centrality of the foreign exchange constraint facing the Ugandan economy. The results also show that fiscal balances are not going to be restored

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Indonesia has developed some very successful credit schemes for both men and women smallscale entrepreneurs and farmers in rural and urban areas; one is a state‐owned commercial bank which reaches out into the poorer areas; one is owned by local governments, but supervised by the state‐owned commercial bank; and one is owned and operated by the provincial government. Can the factors which led to their success be transferrable to the African setting ? The authors argue that they can, but that the high population density, the vibrant economy and the relative stability of the price level are important positive factors in Indonesia not found in sub‐Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, the paying of a market rate of interest on savings and encouragement of savings, the integration of the credit scheme into the commercial banking system, an interest rate on loans which covers the spread between savings borrowing and costs plus administrative costs, high levels of repayment, untargeted credit, good management, financial viability of each branch unit, and convenience in location are transferrable and should be part of African institutions leading to the smallscale s

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary of AbstractThis paper sets out the position in Sub‐Saharan Africa [SSA] regarding poverty and population. Africa has as much danger of starvation and depopulation [due to Aids]as of over population. The paper sets out a model of poverty based on the twin concepts of capabilities and entitlements. This is micro level approach and points to the importance of health and education as well as physical assets in analysing poverty. Issues of gender are always kept central. Income, access to public goods, physical assets and human capital are the four determinants of the status of any individual visavis poverty.In terms of access to public goods the paper develops a new measure of poverty based on daily calorie supply, access to clean water and access to health care. It would seem that nearly 90% of the population in 25 SSA countries or as many as 350 million can be counted as poor.Poverty is influenced by population most significantly if the household cannot afford education and health for its children. Other effects of population on poverty are thought to be transient. Poverty affects population by the complex interaction of the desire for children as insurance but an inability to ensure their survival. Population problems are most acute in societies which are developing enough to cut death rates drastically but not yet adjusted to lower infant mortality to modify their child bearing behaviour.Policy issues are discussed in the last section which highlights once again the central importance of education, health and land reform

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Nigeria's new capital at Abuja was chiefly intended to enhance national unity, by ensuring equitable access for all citizens irrespective of demographic or socioeconomic background. However, after a decade and a half of implementation, Abuja promises to become a city of disharmony, a divisive element to further erode the Nigerian Polity.

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The persistence of poverty in sub‐saharan Africa constitutes a distressing paradox given the region's rich natural resources. To alleviate this endemic poverty and improve the well‐being of the inhabitants on a sustainable basis, require the promotion of integrated national science and technology policy plans with prioritised objectives based primarily upon basic needs, namely improved food supply, better environment, and improved health, shelter and fuel energy supply through enhanced manpower. Prioritisation of the policy objectives appears necessary to optimise the limited investment resources. Severe financial limitations, weak job incentives, mismanagement, intersectoral rivalry, political‐economic disunity, and a general lack of an enabling environment loom as a serious threat to the implementation of such S&T plans. But these problems could be surmounted by imaginative financial mobilisation arrangements, rational resource management, appropriate incentives and education, co‐operation, and a will to

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Maize and Rice are some of the most important grains in Nigeria. Although Nigeria has the potential to become self‐sufficient in their production, maize and rice production currently lags behind demand. This study has examined the characteristics of resource‐poor maize and rice farmers, (defined in terms of land availability, estimated income per farmer, access to credit and capital) in Anambra State of Nigeria, the impact of these characteristics on yield, and the efficiency of use of stated inputs by the farmers. It was found that low income farmers (both maize and rice) had smaller farm size, smaller loan size (credit), adopted a smaller number of recommended production technologies, had lower levels of formal education, are younger, had a smaller household size, and less number of years of farming experience than high income farmers. The regression analysis result shows that farm size, credit, level of adoption of recommended production technologies, level of formal education of fanners, and age of farmers are significantly related to the maize farmers' output, but household size and number of years of farming experience account for less. In the case of rice farmers, the regression analysis result reveals that farm size, level of adoption of recommended production technologies and number of years of farming experience are significantly related to the farmers' output, but level of formal education of farmers, age of farmers, household size, and credit account for less. The results of gross margin analysis reveal that maize and rice production are not very profitable when the present value of the Naira in relation to cost of living in Nigeria is conside

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1017-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8268.1992.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY