ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryScotland is part of the United Kingdom. In spite of this Scotland has a considerable degree of autonomy in relation to the provision of help for problem drinkers. It is noted that traditionally Scottish culture is ambivalent towards the use and misuse of alcohol. Scientific interest in this topic has been evident since the early Nineteenth Century and a disproportionately high percentage of U.K. alcohol research has been conducted in Scotland.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper reviews conceptual issues and research findings relevant to the secondary prevention of alcohol‐related problems in the primary care setting. A discussion of public health concepts and recent epidemiological studies is followed by a review of screening procedures developed to identify individuals at risk. Representative programmes designed to reduce alcohol misuse and treat harmful drinking are summarized. The results of several systematic programme evaluations suggest that modest but reliable effects on drinking behaviour and related problems can follow from brief interventions, especially with the less serious type of problem drinker. The basic elements of these interventions include information giving, brief advice, self‐help manuals, self‐help groups and periodic monitoring of progress by the health worker. It is concluded that low intensity, brief interventions have much to recommend as the first approach to the problem drinker in the primary care se

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt is widely accepted that tobacco use is primarily a problem of drug dependence, with nicotine serving as the addictive agent. Nicotine itself is of some value as a therapeutic aid for people trying to give up smoking. The possible applications in this area of a different class of drug, nicotine antagonists, are reviewed. The receptor mediating the main central effects of nicotine resembles nicotinic‐cholinoceptive sites in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system; drugs which block ganglionic transmission also block the central effects of nicotine, including the positively reinforcing effect sought by smokers. Possible sub‐populations of smokers who might benefit from antagonist therapy are proposed, and the advantages and limitations of such an approach are discussed. Future prospects probably depend on the development of agents with more selective effects than those presently availa

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe purpose of the present paper was to examine firstly the distribution of THC consumption among an aggregate sample of 4737 students from Ontario, Canada, and secondly the assumption of log‐normality. With respect to the estimation of THC consumption the following was indicated: per capita consumption was estimated to be 310 mg; males consumed significantly more than did females; and consumption was curvilinearly related to age of student. In contrast to earlier findings, the assumption of log‐normality was not met. The preventative implications of the log‐normal distribution are indeed important, not only with respect to alcohol but also to other substance use and therefore require further res

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlcohol in two doses (0.75 g/kg and 0.25 g/kg) and a placebo were administered to three matched groups of subjects. A range of measures including self‐ratings, body sway and breath alcohol concentration was taken before and at 30‐min intervals up to 2 h after intake. At I k after the drink the subjects performed a competitive reaction time task which elicits hostility that can be measured behaviourally and on self‐ratings. It was found that subjects on alcohol responded more aggressively but rated themselves as less angry compared to subjects on placebo. Alcohol had positive dose‐related mood effects. Body sway and bodily symptoms were increased by the high dose and decreased by the l

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY