ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this occasional series we record the views and personal experience of people who have specially contributed to the evolution of ideas in the Journal's field of interest. In 1958 Philip Connell published a classic monograph on amphetamine psychosis and he subsequently came to play an important role in the development of the British response to drug problems. In 1987 he was awarded the C.B.E.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this specially commissioned BJA series experienced clinicians will be giving their personal and frontline views as to how the practical business of treating people with substance problems is best handled.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe tension reduction hypothesis has been historically and cross‐culturally a predominant explanation of alcohol's effects. However, its validation has been inconsistent. One speculative reason for this inconsistency is a failure to control for preheld alcohol expectancies. Past research may have confounded results due to studying populations mixed regarding their expectations of alcohol's tension reducing effects. Only two studies could be found which have comprehensively attempted to control for tension reduction expectancies, both supporting a modified tension reduction hypothesis which does not offer tension reduction as the only explanation of drinking behaviour. The interaction of pharmacology, expectancy, gender role and situation suggest that tension reduction is of major importance in understanding the drinking of many, but not all, individuals. This is consistent with recent ‘metatheories’ of alcohol use which emphasize the complexity and multiplicity of alcohol's effects. Future theoretical and clinical implications of the revised tension reduction hypothesis and expectancies are briefly disc

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper outlines a sociological approach to benzodiazepine tranquillizer prescribing. The analysis focuses on both the micro level of the doctor‐patient relationship and the macro level of those political, economic and cultural factors which structure the prescribing process. This makes it possible to account for both the overall decline in benzodiazepine prescriptions in the 1980's and the fact that they are still being prescribed on a long‐term basis to ‘a significant number of pe

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper describes a model for estimating the required capacity of alcohol treatment systems at the local or regional level. Previous attempts at developing comprehensive forecasting models for addiction services are briefly described. The four steps followed in the development of the present model are then outlined. In many respects, the resulting model is specific to Ontario, Canada. However, the general approach, and many of the underlying concepts and assumptions, may have wider application in assessing the need for alcohol treatment services.

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe value of a new Home Detoxification service was assessed in a variety of ways employing data collected from 41 clients of the service, their family and GP's. By 60 days from the start of treatment, 11 clients were abstinent, two were controlling their drinking with relatively few problems, 13 had ‘improved’, 14 were not “improved’ and one had an unknown outcome. Subsequent involvement in treatment by both clients and then–partners was high in comparison with other studies. Significant predictors of ‘Good’ outcome included attendance for after–care by client and by spouse/partner and a low Alcohol Problems Inventory score. High levels of satisfaction were expressed with the HD service by clients, their carers and GP's. The great majority of clients gave “home’ as their preferred place of treatment and nearly half claimed they would have been unwilling to accept hospital care. There was evidence of significant, though modest, shifts in GP's management practices towards less use of hospitals and greater use of the patient's home after 15 mont

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryData concerning the occurrence of life events in the year before onset of alcohol dependence were collected front 23 patients recruited from a district general hospital. Both male and female alcohol dependent cases reported significantly more severe life events in the year preceding onset of the disorder than did members of a community comparison group over the same 12‐month period. Events were also classified according to the dimensions of loss’ and ‘danger’, and ‘independence’. The study suggests that individuals may enter the initial stages of alcohol dependence in response to stressful

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study estimated family cohesiveness, expressiveness, and conflict in a primary care sample of alcoholics and non–alcoholics with and without a family history of alcoholism. Subjects completed the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule alcohol subscale, based on DSM–III criteria, and a family environment scale. Alcoholics with a family history of alcoholism (Alc + FH+) reported significantly less cohesion and expressiveness, and more conflict in their present families than did either non–alcoholics with a family history of alcoholism (Alc − FH +) or non–alcoholics with no family history of alcoholism (Alc − FH −). Non‐alcoholics who grew up in alcoholic families (Alc − FH +) reported present family relationships similar to non–alcoholics with no family history of alcoholism (Alc − FH −). Results suggest a family history of alcoholism alone was not associated with differences in perceptions of present family relationships. The findings of this study raise questions about the general perception that individuals who grew up in alcoholic families experience more family dysfunction in adulthood. The presence of two factors together–family history and alcohol problems in the subject–produced the perce

ISSN:0952-0481    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY