ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Federal Facility Compliance Act (FFCA) of 1992 expanded the waiver of sovereign immunity to allow imposition of fines and penalties against federal facilities for violating federal, state, and local solid and hazardous waste management requirements. Section 107 of the FFCA required the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and appropriate state officials, to propose and promulgate regulations identifying when conventional or chemical military munitions become hazardous waste subject to regulation under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The authors discuss the development of the EPA Munitions Rule and how environmental and military requirements are addressed in the rule.

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFederal and local regulations have placed a heavy burden on defense contractors to maintain cost‐effective design and production practices that eliminate the use of prohibited chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and minimize the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Aerospace companies not only have had to identify replacement materials, but also to develop efficient new processes and controls that frequently entail capital‐intensive acquisition and qualification of new facilities. The transition has been further complicated because many existing contractual documents contain detailed specifications and requirements mandating the use of newly prohibited materials. At the same time, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has targeted 17 hazardous chemicals for elimination or reduction. Modification of production processes and qualification of replacement materials would resolve only part of the environmental compliance dilemma. The final action for long‐range solution resides in fostering a cultural change of the fundamental design and manufacturing practices that address life‐cycle environmental impacts as front‐end requirements. A case study is presented for GenCorp Aerojet, documenting an effective strategy for compliance and implementation of Design/Manufacture‐for‐the Environme

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1995 as much as 80 percent of environmental funding was allocated to contracts. Given the outsource emphasis and current funding restraints, the Army needs to ensure that environmental contracting policies and procedures are efficient and effective. Numerous agencies, including the U.S. General Accounting Office, U.S. Army Audit Agency, DOD Inspector General, Society of American Military Engineers, USMA Center for Environmental and Geographic Sciences (CEGS), and Department of Energy Contract Reform Team, have reported shortcomings in environmental contracting. Environmental contracting differs significantly from construction contracting because of the uncertainty in estimating remediation costs, determining specific environmental requirements, predicting health risks of different alternatives, and operating in an ever‐changing regulatory climate. Although this article advocates that DOD organize specific reform regarding environmental contracting, there are actions the contracting community can take to reduce excess contracting capacity and improve efficiencies in environmental contractin

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Oil Pollution Act make parties responsible for oil or hazardous substance discharges liable for injuries to natural resources. Such liabilities are in addition to those associated with response activities designed to protect human health. Certain federal agencies, state governments, and Indian tribal authorities have been designated as natural resource trustees and charged with implementing the natural resource trust provisions of these acts. In recent years, these trustee organizations have become increasingly active in carrying out their responsibilities as several impediments to enforcement have been overcome and funding has increased. These Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration (NRDAR) activities are expected to continue to expand in future years. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly important for environmental professionals involved with federal facilities to become familiar with NRDAR responsibilities, regulations, and programs.

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1048-4078    

DOI:10.1002/ffej.3330080411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1998

数据来源: WILEY