摘要:

A solid‐phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is described. The assay uses purified CMV and extracts of CMV infected cells as antigen. Antigens were desiccated onto the bottom surface of polystyrene microcuvettes. The antibodies bound to the antigens were assayed by anti‐IgG‐alkaline phosphate conjugate followed by addition of the enzyme substrate. Titration curves have been obtained from the sera of 35 blood donors and of 23 patients. Comparison of results obtained by ELISA with those obtained by complement fixation (CF) shows that there is agreement between the tests. Both purified CMV and extracts of CMV infected cells were found to be suitable antigens. Purified CMV was of value particularly in those sera which show high reactivity against control antigen. The ELISA technique described is approximately 412 to 548 times more sensitive than the CF test when purified CMV or extracts of CMV infected cells, respectively, are used as antigens. No significant heterotypic rise to CMV was observed by ELISA in three sets of sera with seroconversion to herpes simplex virus. The ELISA technique gives objective results, is easily performed, and may be adaptable as a routine test both for serological diagnosis of CMV infection and for screening of the general popul

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A medium (»Y« medium) is described, which was more efficient for the isolation ofYersinia enterocoliticafrom experimentally infected faecal specimens than desoxycholate‐citrate, McConkey, lactose‐sucrose‐urea (LSU) agar, and Yersinia selective medium (Wauter's medium). The »Y« medium consists of casein hydrolysate and peptone serving as carbon and energy sources. A high selectivity is achieved by its contents of sodium oxalate and bile salts. The oxalate suppresses growth of gramnegative rods, including members of the familyEnterobacteriaceaeand ofPseudomonasspp., while the bile salts inhibit growth of gram‐positive bacteria. In the few instances coliform rods grew on the »Y« medium, they could easily be distinguished by their fermentation of lactose, included in the medium, and the fact that colonies of organisms were surrounded by an opaque zone of precipitated bile salts. The most optimal condition for the isolation ofY. enterocoliticafrom stools was achieved at incubation of the »Y« medium at 2

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The co‐agglutination (COA) and line‐rocket immunoelectrophoresis (L‐RIE) techniques were investigated for the serological classification ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae.COA with absorbed sera was found to demonstrate strain‐specific as well as cross‐reacting antigens. The results were dependent on the immunizing, absorbing and agglutinating properties of a particular strain. Heated (100 C) whole cells were found to be more reactive in the COA tests than untreated or formalin‐fixed organisms. It was possible by L‐RIE to compare the antigenic relationship between at least 20 strains in a single test run. This technique was applied on the 16 major outer membrane protein (MOMP) reference strains, which could then be divided into two separate groups with regard to cross‐reacting antigens. Based on the findings by the L‐RIE tests, selective absorptions of antibodies were performed for use in preparation of COA reagents. It was found that the reactions of these reagents with the MOMP reference strains could be assigned to three different antigenic classes. Reagents prepared for these classes are proposed as a basis for serological classification ofNeis

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The co‐agglutination (COA) method has been adapted for serological classification ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae.COA reagents were prepared with selectively absorbed rabbit hyperimmune antibodies against gonoccal (GC) major outer membrane protein (MOMP) serotype strains. Using these reagents, the 16 MOMP reference strains could be referred to at least three antigen classes, tentatively named W, J and M. The GC antigens of class W were divided into three groups I, II and III, and they were in part sensitive to pronase. The antigens of class J reflected strain specific or serotype reactions, some sensitive and others resistant to proteolytic enzymes. The antigens of class M were sensitive to periodate and resistant to pronase. Strains used in serological studies by other authors were tested. The properties of class W correlated well with those of the so‐called micro‐immunofluorescence and immunotype systems, and class M with those of the so‐called endotoxin and acid polysaccharide systems. Strains from three different laboratories could all be grouped by class W and M reagents. Identical strains obtained independently from different laboratories gave very similar reaction patterns with the reagents available. Repeated GC‐isolates from patients infected with beta‐lactamase producing strains showed stable reactions with class W and J reagents, while there was a time‐related variation of the class M pattern. We have found that the COA method is rapid, easy and reproducible in the serological classification ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeand all the 117 GC‐strains tested coul

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serological classification ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeby co‐agglutination (COA) into previously described antigen classes W and J was confirmed in the present work. Immunization of rabbits with classified organisms gave antibodies which produced the expected results when used in the preparation of COA reagents. Colour/opacity colonial variants of isogenic strains, characterized by stereomicroscopy as opaque and transparent, respectively, were found to influence immunization, absorption, co‐agglutination and precipitation in immunoelectrophoresis (IE). It was shown by COA and IE that organisms of opaque colonies often contained an extra antigenic factor(s) which resisted heating at 100 C but was sensitive to treatment with pronase. They were extracted by heating the organisms in saline or lithium chloride solution. Serological classification with COA of clinical isolates was reproducible with reagents for antigen classes W and J. Colony morphology dependent reactions, mostly due to organisms of opaque colonies, occurred in 7% with reagents for antigen class W and in 20% for antigen clas

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Immunoperoxidase technique together with electron microscopy shows that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) ofStaphylococcus aureusCowan I is attached to the membrane and penetrates the whole cell wall. A diffuse zone outside and no peroxidase reaction product inside the wall when whole cells were treated with antibody prior to embedding may indicate (i) that LTA is exposed to reaction with antibodies outside the wall, and (ii) that all or most of the anti‐LTA antibodies used are of the IgM class and thus unable to penetrate the wall. Thin sections of strain Wood 46 showed the same picture as Cowan I, but treatment of whole cells before embedding gave no diffuse zone outside the wall. This may be due to a thicker wall as found by electron microscopy and/or shorter LTA‐chains of strain Wood 46 than those present in the wall of Cowa

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fractionated rabbit antiserum to staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was tested for reaction with homologous antigen by precipitation in agar gel, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, immunoperoxidase technique and electron microscopy. The antibodies to LTA present in the rabbit antisera examined were found to be of the IgM class.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A significant difference has recently been reported in the occurrence of serum antibodies to the lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) immunotypes ofChlamydia trachomatisin patients with Crohn's disease and controls. In the present study, sera from 107 patients with Crohn's disease, 33 males and 74 females, were tested for antibodies toC. trachomatisby an indirect immunofluorescence test, using two pools of antigens. These pools contained antigens to immunotypes TRIC D‐K and LGV 1–3, respectively. None of the patients had IgM antibodies to the organism. IgG antibodies occurred significantly more often in the female than in male patients. No correlation could be demonstrated between activity and duration of Crohn's disease and the results of the antibody tests. For comparison, the sera of 50 puerperal women were studied. No difference in the occurrence of IgG antibodies was found between patients and controls, neither when using the two pools of antigen, thus indicating that the antibodies detected had probably been induced by TRIC rather than LGV organisms. To conclude, the study did not indicate an association between Crohn's disease and infection withC. trachoma

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study showed that xylitol exhibited a dose‐related inhibition of the growth ofStreptococcus mutansin a Brain Heart Infusion medium. It is suggested that the mechanism involved may be an effect of the translocation of glucose across the bacterial cell membrane. Sorbitol showed no similar effect but caused a delay in the reaching of the stationary phas

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 32 strains ofYersinia enterocoliticaandY. enterocolitica‐like microbes were examined for their ability to produceE. coliST‐like enterotoxin when grown at 22 °C and 37 °C, using the infant mouse assay. Enterotoxin production was indicated for 19 (59%) of the 32 strains examined. Nine of ten sucrose non‐fermenting strains belonging to O‐serogroup 28 produced enterotoxin at both 22 °C and at 37 °C. Eight of these strains were obtained from the intestinal contents of apparently healthy small mammals or from water samples at three different localities in Norway. One O‐serogroup 28 culture was a reference strain received from Institut Pasteur, Paris. With the exception of O‐serogroup 28, enterotoxins were detected only after incubation at 22 °C. The infant mouse assay was positive for all the four clinical isolates belonging to O‐serogroup 3/biotype 4. Six of 13 different reference strains were posi

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1980.tb02606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY