摘要:

Conventional (CONV) rats were fed by stomach tube for five days with either benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, tetracykline, oxitetracykline, neomycin, bacitracin + neomycin, kanamycin or colistin. On the 2nd‐3rd day all the animals developed one or several of the following symptoms or characteristics typical for germfree (GF) rats: no coprostanol formation, no stercobilin production, a GF pattern after gel electrophoresis of fecal supernatant and proteolytic activity in the feces. Under the same conditions succinylsulfathiazole or metronidazole had much less pronounced effects than the antibiotics. When clofibrate, acetylsalicylic acid or ferrous sulphate were administered the effects were none or negligible. The GF characteristics persisted for several weeks after the end of the administration of the drugs. In some instances this was the case up to 7 weeks, when the animals were contaminated by anal route with a suspension of the cecum contents from intact CONV animals. On the 2nd day after this treatment the GF characteristics had disappeare

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cross‐reactivity of O antigens prepared fromBacteroides fragilis, otherBacteroidesspecies and fromFusobacteriumhas been examined by indirect haemagglutination and inhibition of haemagglutination. Fifteen of 20B. fragilisss.fragilisstrains showed O‐antigenic cross‐reactivity with one or more of the test strains ofB. fragilisss.fragilis:NCTC 9343, Lille E 323 and SBL B55. The same applies also to 3 strains classified asB. coagulans, B. hypermegasandB. putredinis.The multispecificity ofB. fragilisO antigens is pronounced. Test systems for demonstration of 9 specificities, all harboured by one or more of the 3 test strains, have been worke

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A highly active surface antigen, reacting by precipitation and complement fixation, has been isolated fromE. saburreum, strain L452. The antigen is a polysaccharide polymer built up of galactose, fucose and ribose.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Neisseria elongatasubsp.glycolyticastrain 6171/75 is closely similar to the type strain ofN. elongata, M2, as regards DNA base composition, fatty acid content and electrophoretic mobility of two glutamate dehydrogenases, one of which showed a reaction of identity with the corresponding enzyme from M2 in double immunodiffusion in agar. The strain showed genetic homologies with strain M2 in genetic transformation at a level suggesting species identity, and withN. meningitidisat a lower level. No affinity toMoraxellaspecies or “false neisseriae” was demonstrated, with the exception of a production of a few transformants in the 6171/75 recipient by DNA fromKingella kingae.The strain showed the same pattern of associated variation of colony type, fimbriation and competence in transformation as that found in otherNeisseriaandMoraxellaspecies. After continuous subcultivation for some time some clones of the strain appeared to have lost the ability to produce acid from gluc

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Genito‐urethral specimens from 3260 women and 1170 men, with ailments suggestive of gonorrhoea, were examined for growth of oxidase positive rodshaped bacteria, as well as of gonococci.Moraxella osloensiswas identified in 26 cases (0.64 per cent of women and 0.43 per cent of men). Three patients harboured phenylalanine negative (or weakly reacting) and tryptophan deaminase negativeM. phenylpyrouvicaand, in three cases, aFlavobacteriumspecies was detected. Among six oropharyngeal specimens from patients suspected of gonorrhoea, two yielded growth of oxidase positive rods,Kingella kingaeandNeisseria elongata, respectively.N. gonorrhoeaewas isolated from 537 patients,i.e., 12.1 per cent of all cases. The isolates of oxidase positive rods were in most cases completely identified by streptomycin resistance transformation. On this basis, the diagnostic reliability of some morphological and cultural‐biochemical tests and gas chromatography was examined. Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid and alcohol composition of whole cells proved distinctive of species defined genetically, irrespective of confusing behaviour of some strains in other te

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method has been developed by which to study the sorption ofStreptococcus faeciumto soda‐lime cover glasses. Conditions were chosen to minimize the influence on sorption of bacterial polymer production, passive sorption being studied rather than attachment mediated by metabolic activities. Sorption ofS. faeciumincreased with increasing temperature (to 50d̀ C), time, and cell concentration, but equilibrium apparently was not reached even after incubation for 8 hours or at a cell concentration of 3 times 1010per ml. Sorption increased with solute molarity up to 0.1 M concentration of NaCl and KCl, indicating an effect of the electrical double layers on the apposition of cells to the glass surface. Desorption of bacteria could be obtained after multiple washings of the glasses in buffer or by the action of Tween 80, but not if sorbed bacteria were left in distilled water, various salt solutions, urea, or in suspensions of unlabelled bacteria. It was concluded that sorption occurred as a result of chemical interactions between the glass and the cell surface. Tween 80 at a concentration of 1 per cent inhibited sorption to 26 per cent of buffer controls, 2 M urea was less effective, and 1 M NaCl was without effect. It is suggested that hydrophobic interactions may be of importance in the binding ofS. faeciumto gla

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Macromolecular solutes (albumin, concanavalin A, whole saliva, serum) caused impaired sorption ofStreptococcus faeciumandStreptococcus sanguisto glass. The inhibitory effect resided chiefly with interactions of the solutes with the glass surface. In the case of sorption ofS. sanguisto glass in the presence of parotid fluid, the inhibitory effect was counteracted by a specific attachment ofS. sanguiscells mediated by some component(s) of the parotid fluid. Agglutination of the test organisms was in general accompanied by inhibition of sorption. However, when small or unstable aggregates were formed, the number of cells adhering on the glass surface was increased. The findings are discussed with reference to the colonization of teeth by oral bacteria.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human leukocyte interferon (IF) inhibits the growth rate of homologous cells in culture. The growth inhibitory component, formerly separated from the antiviral component of human leukocyte IF by adsorption chromatography on albumin‐agarose, is investigated. The properties of the component are compared with the accepted characteristics of IF. The growth inhibition is caused by a small molecule, unstable to pH 2 treatment with HCl, but stable to trichloro‐acetic acid (TCA) and to proteolytic enzymes. The isolated growth inhibitor seems to be a dimer of molecular weight (mol wt.)˜2300. It is activated by heat treatment and lacks species specificity. The discrepancies in the properties of the growth inhibitor before before and after separation from IF are discu

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The biochemical reactions of 18 anaerogenic and 45 aerogenic isolates ofEnterobacter agglomeransare described and used for subdivision in the biogroups suggested byEwing&Fife.The presence of special cultural characteristics (symplasmata and biconvex bodies) was also recorded and was found to be unrelated to formation of gas from glucose. Previous authors have reported such structures in anaerogenic cultures only. The amount of gas produced varied to a great extent between strains and also proved to be dependent on incubation temperature. The results do not support the division ofE. agglomeransinto one anaerogenic and one aerogenic major subgroup. The value of the gelatin liquefaction test for characterization of the species is emphasized.

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ultrastructural changes ofEimeria brunettiwhich occur during microgametogony in the small intestine of the domestic fowl are described. The development of the trophozoite into the microgametocyte was accompanied by cytoplasmic growth and nuclear division. The developing microgametocytes could be differentiated from developing schizonts because of ultrastructural differences in both cytoplasm and nuclei. The surface area of the microgametocyte was increased by deep invaginations of the limiting membrane. At this developmental stage, the nuclei were situated adjacent to this membrane and protrusions which developed, initiated microgamete formation. Two centrioles were positioned between each nucleus and the limiting membrane and were transformed into the basal bodies of the flagella. The flagella grew out from the basal bodies which then entered the protrusions. A mitochondrion and the dense chromatin‐containing portion of the nucleus also entered each protrusion. The microgametes matured while they were attached to the residual cytoplasm of the microgametocyte; they were finally budded off into the parasitophorous vacuole. The microgamete consists of an elongated nucleus which overlaps a mitochondrion towards the anterior of the cell. At this end, a dense plaque (perforatorium) is found together with the 2 basal bodies and their attached flagella. 5 microtubules were apparent and ran longitudinally from the basal body region. In cross section, they were arranged in a row of 4 with 1 diagonally opposite; only 2 of these microtubules extended to the posterior tip of the microgamet

ISSN:0304-131X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY