ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The term “free radical” refers to atoms or groups of atoms containing a single unpaired electron occupying an outer orbital. This unpaired electron lends the molecule distinct chemical and physical properties such as its high reactivity and magnetic moment, respectively. Some relevant advances in medical research have encompassed O2radicals and other toxic derivatives of O2. These reactive O2species were shown to play a significant role in a wide spectrum of pathological states (seeHalliwell&Gutteridge, 1985;Flohé1986;Kensler&Taffe, 1986;McCord, 1986), though the measurement of free radical activity in clinically‐accesible material has been unsatisfactory (Dormandy, 1986). This overview provides only a framework of information to assist the reader on some relevant topics on free radical pathology, which by no means can cover the multiple aspects of the medical literature in this context. The reader is referred to several articles which cover particular features of free radical biology and medicine (Chance et al., 1979;Pryor, 1976–1984;Fridovich, 1983;Jamieson et al, 1986;Kensler&Taffe, 1986;McCord, 1986;Weis

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A brief description is given of the most important morphological changes in endomyocardial biopsy specimens taken from cyclosporin A (CyA)‐treated cardiac allograft recipients. The National Hospital of Norway was, in 1983, the first Scandinavian hospital to perform a heart transplantation, an event facilitated by the new immunosuppressive drug CyA. Up to now (February 1987), 38 allogeneic orthotopic transplants have been carried out on a total of 37 patients, of whom 32 are alive and clinically well. There was no operative mortality, but 5 patients died of other causes: Two early rejections, one arrhythmia due to moderate rejection, one Toxoplasma myocarditis and one early graft failure due to donor heart coronary artery disease. The observation time ranges from six weeks to 39 months. The first 9 patients received CyA and prednisolene; all subsequent recipients were treated with Azathioprine additionally. Thirty six grafts were controlled by 557 sequential biopsy prosedures which yielded 2783 endomyocardial specimens for histopathological examinition. A histological diagnosis of rejection was made 99 times in 32 grafts (mean 2,6). Twenty four biopsies were obtained on clinical indication in 15 patients, and rejection was diagnosed in 11 biopsies. Evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies is important in monitoring cardiac recipients and provides a morphological index of acute rejection. Serial biopsies with adequate endomyocardial sampling from different areas of the right ventricle make it possible to diagnose acute cellular rejection at an early stage and are essential to control immunosuppressive treatment. Endomyocardial biopsy is a safe and reliable procedure and plays an important role in the management of cardiac allograft rejectio

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

DNA‐histograms were obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) of nuclei prepared from fresh bladder carcinoma biopsies and from 100 μm sections of paraffin‐embedded material from the same biopsies. Linear regression analysis of ploidy values from fresh material versus those from paraffin blocks showed excellent correlation (R2=0.957). Owing to the high background, the paraffin‐embedded material was less suited for analysis of S‐phase fraction. It is concluded that DNA FCM of nuclei obtained from paraffin‐embedded bladder carcinoma biopsies yields reliable results concerning ploidy, but does not permit evaluation of the S‐ph

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of 41 strains ofShigella, Escherichia coli, andSalmonellawas performed. The presence of high‐molecular‐weight plasmids, invasiveness in HEp‐2 cells and the ability to produce a positive Serény test were tested. Five of the seven strains ofSalmonella typhimuriumharboured a 62 Md plasmid and invaded HEp‐2 cells. Two strains ofS. typhimuriumand aS. paratyphi‐Bstrain lacked plasmids but were still invasive. Among the 27 strains ofShigellaand enteroinvasiveE. coli(EIEC) 25 strains harboured a high molecular weight plasmid. 27 of theShigella/EIEC strains invaded HEp‐2 cells and 25 produced a positive Serény test. One strain ofShigella sonneiwas invasive in HEp‐2 cells and gave a positive Serény test, but plasmids were not demonstrated. Of the eight non‐enteropathogenicE. coli5 strains harboured plasmids of 100 to 140 Md size; only one of the strains invaded HEp‐2 cells; none of the strains produced a positive Serény test. The study shows that tests for pathogenicity (Serény test, HEp‐2 cell test) are usually positive in theShigellaand EIEC group of bacteria; these bacteria also usually carry a high molecular weight plasmid. However, among non‐enteropathogenic bacteria plasmids of 100 to 140 Md size can be observed without any correlation to invasive properties. Genetic information from gene loci located to plasmids and chromosomes is required to give a positive Serény test. The presence of high molecular weight plasmids does not seem to be neessary for expression ofin vitroin

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The DNA‐DNA homology percentages obtained in this study indicate thatM. aviumandM. paratuberculosisbelong to one species. Consequently,M. paratuberculosisought to be considered a variant ofM. avium, and the following designations are proposed:Mycobacterium avium, subsp.avium. Mycobacterium avium, subsp.paratuberculosis.Identification and classification of “wood pigeon mycobacteria” occurring in wild animals have been problematic due to their dysgonic and mycobactin‐dependent growth. DNA‐DNA homology percentages indicate that these bacteria are closely related to reference strains both ofM. aviumand ofM. paratuberculosis.“Wood pigeon mycobacteria” should therefore be classified as atypical strains ofM. avium, and the following designation is proposed:Mycobacterium aviums

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Monosized magnetic polystyrene beads, Dynabeads M‐450, coated with sheep IgG were used in an agglutination test for the detection of cell‐surface protein‐A, based on Fc‐protein‐A binding. Ninety‐three per cent of the bovineStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from clinical mastitis expressed surface protein‐A. The agglutination test was rapid compared to FITC‐labelled IgG binding or dog‐serum agar precipitation test for protein‐A, and was significantly correlated with these methods. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated binding of protein‐A positive bacteria to the particle surface, thus bridging the beads and forming the agglutination lattice. The microsphere agglutination assay described is a quick, simple and reproducible method for detecting surface prote

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dermonecrotic effect of purifiedPasteurella multocidatoxin (PMT) was studied sequentially in guinea pigs and rats. The skin reaction was initially an acute inflammatory reaction, with edema and emigration of neutrophils and a few eosinophils and diapedesis of some erythrocytes. Four hours after intracutaneous injection the vessels were congested and thrombocytes were focally attached to the endothelial wall. Twenty‐four h after the injection the inflammatory reaction appeared more severe and venules and arterioles were thrombosed. Necrotic changes were seen in hair follicles and in striated muscle fibers. Crude extracts fromP. multocidaandClostridium perfringensinjected intracutaneously into guinea pigs induced skin lesions qualitatively similar to the lesions induced by the purified PMT, indicating that dermonecrotic bacterial toxins may share similar biochemical propertie

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence and distribution of fibronectin (FN) was assessed by an immunoperoxidase technique in liver biopsies from alcoholics without and with acinar zone 3 fibrosis of varying degrees. Increased amounts of FN was found diffusely in zone 3 areas with a perisinusoidal and pericellular localization. FN was closely correlating to the pattern of fibrosis but increased amounts of FN could also be seen in biopsies without fibrosis as visualized in Picro‐Sirius stained sections. There was no topographical relationship to liver cells with fatty changes, Mallory bodies or to alcoholic hepatitis. It is made probable that FN is of significance in the development of early liver fibrosis in alcoholics and that FN may act as a chemotactic factor for collagen producing cells and as a skeleton for the new collagen formatio

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to be a scavenger of free oxygen radicals, and recentin vitrostudies have demonstrated that it is also able to inhibit leukocyte function. The clinical significance of these effects is, however, not known. In this study we have measured the effect on human blood neutrophil and monocyte function of a single 400 mg dose of NAC administered orally. Administration of NAC to ten healthy volunteers resulted in significant reduction of neutrophil chemiluminescence response following activation by opsonized zymozan as compared to four non‐treated persons acting as controls. No effect was observed on the chemotaxis of either cell type or on monocyte chemiluminescence response. These findings suggest that NAC may be beneficial in clinical conditions like cystic fibrosis, where tissue damage may be a consequence of the effects of increased release of toxic oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzy

ISSN:0903-4641    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY