ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Ultrasound was initially developed as a submarine detection method in World War I. In the mid‐1950s Ian Donald adapted the sonar device to scan for abdominal tumors, many of which turned out to be pregnancies. By 1965 fetal biparietal diameter and blighted ova were being detected by the technique, which had become a routine method for estimating fetal growth and maturity in many hospitals by 1968, although randomized controlled trials of safety and efficacy were still lacking. Although such trials are now being conducted, a danger of technologies like ultrasound is that they substitute objective, partial knowledge of the patient's condition for patient‐generated data. In addition, the process of obtaining technology‐generated data diminishes the social relationships of patients and caregivers in several

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb00995.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Ultrasound was initially developed as a submarine detection method in World War I. In the mid‐1950s Ian Donald adapted the sonar device to scan for abdominal tumors, many of which turned out to be pregnancies. By 1965 fetal biparietal diameter and blighted ova were being detected by the technique, which had become a routine method for estimating fetal growth and maturity in many hospitals by 1968, although randomized controlled trials of safety and efficacy were still lacking. Although such trials are now being conducted and we await the results, a danger of technologies like ultrasound is that they substitute objective, partial knowledge of the patient's condition for patient‐generated data. In addition, the process of obtaining technology‐generated data diminishes the social relationships of patients and caregivers in several

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb00996.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:After analyzing similar data, the National Institutes of Health Consensus Task Force on Ultrasound in Pregnancy and the comparable British body reached opposite conclusions on the value of routine early pregnancy ultrasonography. Ultrasound appears useful in various clinical situations and as a screening technique in early pregnancy. Of five controlled trials of routine late‐pregnancy ultrasound screening, four failed to show a benefit and a fifth may have shown decreased perinatal mortality. A study of late‐pregnancy ultrasound screening where the product of fetal crown‐rump length and trunk area was calculated was highly effective in predicting small‐for‐dates infants, although no outcome or management benefits w

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:It is uncertain whether the evidence of randomized controlled trials justifies extending diagnostic ultrasonography for specific indication to routine screening in early and late pregnancy. The five such trials analyzed here show different inclusion criteria, outcome variables, trial reporting, and use of ultrasound, which makes them difficult to aggregate. They do not collectively form an adequate basis for deciding whether to recommend early or late ultrasound pregnancy screening on a routine basis.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:It is uncertain whether the evidence of randomized controlled trials justifies extending diagnostic ultrasonography for specific indication to routine screening in early and late pregnancy. The five such trials analyzed here show different inclusion criteria, outcome variables, trial reporting, and use of ultrasound, which makes them difficult to aggregate. They do not collectively form an adequate basis for deciding whether to recommend early or late ultrasound pregnancy screening on a routine basis.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb00998.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Cell damage is a natural part of fetal development, and the embryo and fetus have some self‐repair ability. Studies indicate that ultrasound imaging and Doppler applications do not harm by heating where circulation exists to dissipate heat. The shortness of the ultrasound pulses militates against cell damage by cavitation. Ultrasound scans are often recommended at 16 to 18 weeks LMP, when the most vulnerable fetal organ is the forebrain, or at 32 to 34 weeks LMP, when the fetal cerebellum is vulnerable. Defects in vision or heaving are possible. Negative animal experiments cannot offer reassurance to those concerned about damaging effects with low rates of occurrence such as 1 in 1000 or less. When considering possible links between ultrasound and childhood cancers or development defects, risk levels cannot be assessed until a large, adequately designed, randomized controlled trial with sufficient follow‐up is conduc

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Cell damage is a natural part of fetal development, and the embryo and fetus have some self‐repair ability. Studies indicate that ultrasound imaging and Doppler applications do not harm by heating where circulation exists to dissipate heat. The shortness of the ultrasound pulses mitigates against cell damage by cavitation. Ultrasound scans are often recommended at 16 to 18 weeks LMP, when the most vulnerable fetal organ is the forebrain, or at 32 to 34 weeks LMP, when the fetal cerebellum is vulnerable and defects in vision or hearing are possible. Negative animal experiments cannot show damage of rates less than I in 1000. When considering possible links between ultrasound and childhood cancers or development defects, risk levels cannot be assessed until a large, adequately designed, randomized controlled trial with sufficient follow‐up is conduc

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb00999.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Although a few studies have suggested that ultrasound scans can improve the bonding between mother and fetus, many women described themselves as more concerned or worried after a scan than they were before. It is possible that some women who feel relieved after a scan are relieved of the fears the procedure itself generated, since no significant differences were found in anxiety levels between a postscan and a no‐scan group. Excessive reliance on the technology could reduce the clinical skills of caregiver

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1986.tb01071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY