ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Thirty women pregnant for the first time were interviewed during the first trimester to determine their image of and feeling toward their fetuses. Most women grossly underestimated the size and development of the fetus as well as its activities, attributing “formless,”“unattractive” and animal‐like features to it. Only 9 of the 30 women thought the fetus to be a real person at this stage of pregnancy. These women predicted they would feel grief if the fetus were miscarried, were more anxious about possible abnormality, more willing to abstain from intercourse to protect the fetus, thought the fetus could affect the mother, and were less ambivalent or unhappy when the pregnancy was confirmed. These 9 women differed from the other 21 in being from larger families or having jobs, such as nursing, which involved nurturing skills. The implications of these feelings or lack of them toward the fetus in the first trimester is

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:An instrument for recording naturalistic observations of labor is described. This instrument provides detailed data on the physical state of the laboring woman, and social and medical events which involve her. Uses of the instrument in research and model‐building are discusse

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:For many women breastfeeding in the early days after childbirth is a painful rather than a pleasureable experience. Sixteen factors which have been reported to have an association with nipple discomfort were studied in 102 women in the first 96 hours after delivery. Only three of these 16 factors were found to be significantly associated with nipple pain. Both flat and inverted nipples and frequency of breastfeeding had significant negative associations with nipple discomfort. Engorgement of the breasts was found to have a significant positive correlation with nipple pain during breastfeeding. Breast preparation in the prenatal period was among the 13 factors which was not related to soreness in the early nursing period.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Using three case histories, a review of malnutrition caused by calorie and salt restriction and diuretics is made, with special note of the relationship between these factors and toxemia, low birth weight and other obstetric complications. A survey of women entering prenatal classes in four geographic areas of the US is reported. We found that between 24 percent and 79 percent of women entering prenatal classes are actually dieting to hold the line at their seventh month weight gains. Up to 66 percent of women were told nothing as to an ideal weight gain by their doctors, and as many as 10% thought the weight gain given was too high. We found that about half of all women surveyed reached whatever they thought was the maximum weight gain by the seventh month of pregnancy, and then dieted to hold the line; up to 7 percent were trying to lose weight. Sodium restriction is still being prescribed for between 12 and 49 percent of women in the communities surveyed. Diuretics for late pregnancy edema are seldom prescribed. The physiology of protein‐calorie restriction and salt depletion are reviewed, with recommendations for action on the part of childbirth educator

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1980.tb01370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY