ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Two cohorts of healthy Swedish primiparae having a healthy child by cesarean section in 1973 (index women, N = 2592) and in 1976 (N = 3867) and matched vaginal delivery controls were identified from the Swedish Birth Register. The second births to these women occurring in the following five years were studied. The mean lengths of gestation were somewhat shorter and there were more problems during pregnancy, labor, and delivery among those with previous cesarean births (index women). Children born to the index women had a higher perinatal mortality and were smaller and less healthy. Comparison of the two cohorts suggests that the operation itself may have contributed to some of the problems. The decision to perform a cesarean section may have to take into account sequelae in a subsequent pregnancy.

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Two retrospectively matched groups of low‐risk women were studied, one that chose to give birth in an out‐of‐hospital birth center staffed and run by nurse‐midwives, and another that labored and delivered in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The groups were matched for low risk status at 37 weeks. Although outcomes for both groups were similar, the use of almost all interventions during labor and delivery was significantly more frequent in the hospital group. These findings are consistent with studies of other settings in which the place of birth was shown to have an impact on childbirth experience, thus demonstrating that birth centers can oversee childbirth as safely and with less intervention than do hospitals. Larger comparative studies are needed to explore the impact and safety of hospital and out‐of‐hospital bir

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Widespread recognition of the immunologic value of human milk has left untouched an equally widespread belief in the nutritional adequacy of infant formula and its equivalence to human milk. Thus many believe that while “breast is best” in conditions of poor sanitation, there is little difference between formula and human milk where good hygiene is possible. Many also believe that women must be free to choose breast or bottle feeding, and that any critique of formula (though not of breastfeeding) is an intrusion upon that choice. But to be free, choice must be informed. This paper looks at the claims of nutritional adequacy and equivalence and argues that infant formula is unable to be “humanized”; that it is intrinsically hazardous; and that damage to Western children has occurred and is probably still occurring on a frightening scale. Once the risks of formula feeding are exposed, social and political change becomes ne

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:As the tools of birth change from familiar household objects, such as hammocks and beds, to high‐technology objects, such as delivery tables and fetal monitors, significant changes occur in the ability to give physical support to women during labor and in who owns the tools and the information they provide. Data derived from the laboring woman herself are less sought after and less valued.Ironically, high‐technology procedures and artifacts are more easily transported than are the household artifacts of birth, which are embedded in the matrix of daily life. When different levels of technology are available, the solution to a problem during childbirth is usually sought on the next higher level of technology–i.e., medication or surgery, even when a simpler approach, such as human comforting or ambulation, might work more quickly and effect

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This study compared the effectiveness of the application of expressed breastmilk or colostrum with that of hydrous lanolin to women's nipples after breastfeeding for prevention or reduction of nipple pain and trauma during the first 10 post‐partum days. Each of the 23 subjects was her own control, applying lanolin to one nipple and expressed breastmilk or colostrum to the other. After every feeding mothers rated nipple pain for each breast on a 4‐point scale. On postpartum days 0 to 5, 7, and 10, nipple condition was assessed by investigators who were “blind” to the intervention used on each nipple. Nipple pain and trauma experienced by the women were similar for the two interventions. Of the 95 percent reporting nipple pain during feeding, 26 percent had “extreme pain.” All women experienced nipple trauma. Engorgement, the most common breast problem, correlated positively and significantly with nipple trauma. No significant correlations were found between the following variables: perceived nipple pain and observed nipple trauma, nipple pain and number of feedings perday, nipple pain or trauma and hair or skin color, and nipple pain and prenatal preparationfor br

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviews in this ArticleThe Tentative Pregnancy. Prenatal Diagnosis and the Future of MotherhoodSense and Sensibility in Childbirth: A Guide to Supportive Obstetrical CareA Time To Be Born, A Time To Die: Conflicts and Ethics in an Intensive Care NurseryPostpartum Nursing: Health Care of WomenThe Complete Guide to Pregnancy Testing and Counseling (update of 1975 edition)Childbirth in Developing CountriesInterventional Ultrasound

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0730-7659    

DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1987.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY