摘要:

Summary140 autopsied cases of demyelinating diseases in Japan were classified, based on autopsy findings, into three groups; 18 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) group, 13 cases of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) group and 9 cases of intermediate form.2The clinical features were compared in the MS and NMO groups by Chi square test.3By “component analysis”, it was shown that the MS and NMO groups could be discriminated clinically with high reliability.4In the component analysis, disturbance of consciousness, emotional disturbance, bulbar signs and incoordination were the significant items for the MS group, and onset with fever or infection, bilateral simultaneous visual impairment and infection in the past history for the NMO group.5(5) The component analysis was proved to be applicable in the clinical differentiation of MS and

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1) Dimefline hydrochloride (3‐methyl‐7 ‐ methoxy‐8‐dimethylaminomethylflavone hydrochloride) was administered intravenously to forty‐seven patients to examine its EEG activating effect. The patients were twenty‐two epileptics and twenty‐five non‐epileptics which had normal resting EEG before activation. Dimefline was injected at the rate of 0.02 mg/kg per minute with 0.04% aqueous solution up to 8 mg.2) In thirteen out of twenty‐two epileptic patients (59%) the provocation of paroxysmal discharges, including spikes, were obtained within 8 mg. Clinical seizures were elicited in five patients almost immediately after the appearance of paroxysms in EEG. In twenty‐five non‐epileptic patients, five cases (20%) showed paroxysmal discharges. The activated paroxysms were centrence‐phalic spike and wave complex in the most cases. The remarkable changes of background activities were never observed during activation.3) The activating effect of Dimefline was compared with that of Metrazol in nine patients, and 8 mg of Dimefline was proved to have an EEG activating potency approximately identical to that of 400 mg of Metrazol. The side effects induced by intravenous administration of Dimefline were more rare and more slight than in cases of Metrazol.4) From the results obtained, the author confirmed the EEG activating effect of Dimefline hydrochloride available for the exact EEG diagnosis of epileptic disorders. Its clinical application as an EEG activator, however, should be done with prudent precautions because of the narrow margin between the threshold of seizure discha

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryClinical and pathological descriptions were made on the three cases of acute diffuse lymphocytic meningo‐encephalitis.Clinical pictures of all cases were super‐posable in almost all respects: acute onset of the illness, meningeal symptom such as headache and vomiting, convulsions, con‐fusional state and psychomotor restlessness which necessitated all patients being admitted to the psychiatric clinic. Pressure of CSF was elevated in two cases and pleo‐cytosis was noted. After the clinical course of about 4 weeks the patients died.Morphological picture of three cases was very slight in comparison with severe clinical symptoms and consisted of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex and a very slight microglial response as well as the involvement of meninges. In Case 1 glial nodules were noted in the midbrain and pons. These changes were milder in Case 2 and Case 3 than in Case 1.The diagnostic problems and the anatomical findings were discussed and it was suggested that our three cases were primary encep

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWith the human Somatosensory Evoked Response (SER) evoked by the right median nerve stimulation and recorded on the scalp by an on‐line medical data processing computer, the influences of the different bipolar electrode positions on the SER were investigated. Setting 10 bipolar electrode positions on the parasagittal line on the scalp, 7 cm contralateral to the median nerve stimulated, 10 kinds of SERs with 10 different bipolar electrode positions were recorded. The patterns of these individual SERs were converted into the series of integers representing the pattern of the SER, and were subjected to the mathematical procedures by means of digital off‐line computer according to the schedule including the programs to calculate and plot theInter‐Individual Averaged SER Pattern (IIA‐SER Pattern), thePattern of the Fourier Progression aandbof theIIA‐SER Patternand other trials for some kinds of the Pattern Recognition. Results obtained were as follows:1As the distance between bipolar electrodes increased, the amplitude ofIIA‐SER Pattern, represented by the amplitude between the highest positive peak P2and the deepest negative peak N4tended to increase, and P3became recessive as represented by the amplitude between P3‐N3.2The potential forming P2and N4ranged on relatively wide areas on the contralateral cerebral cortex, and the potential forming P3ranged in relatively restricted areas on the contralateral cerebral cortex with major potential grade in the frontal area.3Changes of other items, including latencies of the components of the SER according to the shift of the electrode position, and other trials for the Pattern Recognition were examined.4Consequently, the bipolar electrode setting on the points 4 cm anterior and 2 cm posterior to the midcoronal line, on the parasagittal line 7 cm contralateral to the median neve stimulated, is recommendable for the rec

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNinety‐three cases of intoxication polyneuropathy occured among household workers exposed to excess concentrations of the n‐hexane vapor over several months or more.1The chief manifestation was polyneuropathy of glove‐and‐stocking type. According to the mode of involvement, they were classified into three groups: sensory polyneuropathy 53 cases, sensorimotor polyneuropathy 32 cases and sensorimotor polyneuropathy with amyotrophy 8 cases. Slight optic nerve involvements were observed in 8 cases. No symptoms or signs indicating lesions of the central nervous system and of spinal cord were discovered. In severely affected cases the symptoms progressed for about 2 months even after detachment from noxious environment.2No constant significant abnormalities were revealed in the laboratory examinations including urinalysis, complete blood counts, liver function tests, S T S and cerebrospinal fluid studies.3Biopsies of the peripheral nerve disclosed destruction of the myeline sheath with relatively well preserved axon. Muscle biopsies revealed that muscle tissue was largely replaced by fatty tissue and showed the features of neurogenic atrophy. Electromyography and conduction velocity of the peripheral nerve coincide with denervation and reinnervation processes of the nerve.4Characteristic features of this disease are discussed in comparison with other intoxication polyneuro

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1) A whole night EEG study was carried out on twenty temporal lobe epileptics and fourteen normal subjects. ECG, respiratory curve, GSR and horizontal eye movements were also simultaneously recorded polygraphically. Primary attention was devoted to the changes of temporal spikes in different stages of nocturnal sleep and also to the characteristics of sleep course of the patients.2) The electrographic depth of sleep was divided into the following five stages; A (wakefulness), B (drowsiness and light sleep), C (moderately deep sleep), D (deep sleep) and P (paradoxical phase of sleep or REM sleep). The sleep diagrams were drawn on all the patients and the rate of incidence of spike discharges throughout a whole night was demonstrated in each stage of sleep on seven patients.3) As to the pattern of sleep cycles during a whole night, the majority of twenty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy showed some disorganizations of the pattern of sleep cycles to more or less degree. Although there were great individual differences, the most characteristic features observed on the sleep course of the patients were prolongation and frequent appearance of C stage, shortening or poor appearance of D stage and irregular appearance of P stage. These changes were observed more remarkably in younger patients. The disorganizations of sleep cycles observed on temporal lobe epileptics seemed partly due to the dysfunctions or lesions of limbic system of the brain.Spindle‐formed rhythmical waves with frequencies ranging from 8 to 12 c/s were found during C stage of the patients. The lower voltage of delta waves during the deepest stage of sleep and the poor appearance of humps during light stage of sleep were also observed.4) The most frequent incidence of temporal spikes was observed during C stage on most of the patients. Only a few patients showed the most frequent incidence of spikes during B stage. No clear correlation was found between the types of the incidence of spike discharges and etiological or clinical factors. During P stage, spike discharges were generally suppressed as well as during A stage in most of the patients. On the patients with bilateral multifoci, the mode of incidence of spikes during sleep almost the same in both hemispheres.5) Nine clinical seizures were observed on seven patients during nocturnal recordings. Two seizures occurred during C stage, three during D stage, three during P stage and one during B stage. On a female patient, three seizures were provoked during B stage and P stage in one night. So the predilected depth of sleep for nocturnal seizures was never found in this study. After clinical seizures, the depth of sleep did not alter, the patients did not generally awake and could not remember their nocturnal fits next morning. Ictal EEG patterns were rhythmic slow waves started at the region of the EEG spike focus with a exception of a case which showed irregular spike and wave complex.6) The neuronal mechanisms underlying the modifications of incidence of spike discharges during sleep were discussed in terms of interrelation between the activity level of the brain and the mechanism producing seizu

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1969.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY