摘要:

Abstract:Neurological and depressive symptoms in a subtype of Parkinson's disease (PD), in which a depressive state precedes the clinical manifestation of neurological symptoms, were examined on the basis of clinical observations for 3 years or more. PD, in which depression preceded, was different from PD with preceding neurological symptoms, in the severity of not only neurological but also depressive symptoms. These results suggest that PD in which depression precedes neurological symptoms is a specific subtype of PD. It was speculated that the differences in clinical symptoms might be due to a biological background, in particular the dopaminergic system.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The severity of intellectual impairment of 89 patients with Parkinson's disease was evaluated with the Osaka Intelligence Scale for the Aged (OISA). Based on their intelligence levels, the patients were divided into three groups: normal, slight dementia and dementia. EEGs, psychiatric complications such as hallucination, degree of motor disability, history of medication, relationship between changes in intelligence and total amount of administered drugs were also examined. There was no significant correlation between the length of duration of the illness and the degree of intellectual impairment. Two characteristic subgroups were found among our subjects: a group of patients who rapidly became demented after the onset of Parkinsonism, and a group of patients whose intelligence was preserved for a longer period. The mean age of the onset of the disease in the former group was older than that of the latter. Patients of the former group exhibited psychiatric complications and EEG abnormalities more frequently. The severity of motor disability and medications administered at the time of the OISA examination did not differ between the two groups. Deterioration of the intelligence of the patients with Parkinson's disease did not correlate with the total amount of the administered antiparkinsonian drugs.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A 47‐year‐old man with chronic alcoholism was admitted to a psychiatric institution because of his mental symptoms and abnormal behavior. He had dementia, emotional disturbances, muscle cramps (tetanic fits), and impairment of abstract thinking and psychomotor function. The biochemical examination of his blood revealed Hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and a low level of serum parathyroid hormone. The administration of Ca lactate improved hypocalcemia and muscle cramps, but not the other symptoms. An addition of Mg sulfate did not change the clinical condition and the serum electrolyte level. From these findings a relation of chronic alcohol intake to the imbalance of serum electrolytes as well as a low level of serum parathyroid hormone was discussed, and a pathogenetic mechanism of dementia observed in this case was specula

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:One hundred ten patients with alcohol dependence and 56 psychiatric patients with either senile dementia, amphetamine psychosis, epilepsy or chronic schizophrenia were investigated with a CT scan of the brain. The maximum width of the 3rd ventricle was measured, and the presence/absence of enlargement of the lateral ventricle and of atrophy of the frontal lobe was determined independently by 3 physicians. The width of the 3rd ventricle in alcoholic and the other patients examined was gradually enlarged with aging, and the width in these patients was significantly larger than that in the age‐matched control patients who were selected from the patients with amphetamine psychosis, epilepsy or schizophrenia. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles observed in the alcoholic patients always accompanied the enlargement of the 3rd ventricle, but not vice versa. The alcoholic patients with frontal lobe atrophy showed a higher incidence of withdrawal delirium than the patients without atrophy. These findings suggest that the chronic intake of alcohol might affect primarily the area around the 3rd ventricle, resulting in enlargement of this ventricle and consequential enlargement of the lateral ventricles and also that the alcoholic patients with frontal lobe atrophy could have a high risk for a manifestation of alcoholic withdrawal deliriu

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The fact that the elderly are usually aware of early sleep onset and early morning awakening shows that the phase of sleep‐wake rhythms in the elderly is more advanced than that in young adults. Since it has been suggested that human sleep onset, morning awakening, sleep period and depth of sleep are highly influenced by body temperature rhythms, rectal temperature rhythms were analyzed in 7 healthy elderly and 7 healthy young adults under the condition with time cue. Although a significant 24‐hour period was found in the rhythms for all subjects, the phase of the rhythms in the elderly was more advanced than in the young adults. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation was observed between age and acrophase time in the elde

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In order to clarify the effects of methylphenidate on interpersonal relationships of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), data from sociometric tests conducted in 28 classes to which ADHD children belonged was analyzed, comparing patients who had a history of methylphenidate treatment with those who had not. It was suggested that ADHD children with a history of methylphenidate treatment had more favorable votes and fewer unfavorable ones than those without it. However, there were more isolated children among ADHD children with methylphenidate treatment than in those without it. The results are discussed in the light of previous findings in the literature and a hypothesis for methylphenidate induced isolation is proposed.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We have investigated two pedigrees in an attempt to detect the putative linkages between affective disorder and c‐Ha‐ras‐1 oncogene and the insulin gene on chromosome 11, or hypoxanthhte phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) on X chromosome. The linkage between affective disorders and the markers on chromosomes 11 and X was ruled out with the assumption of no recombin

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Event‐related potentials were recorded in 54 schizophrenics and 88 age‐matched controls during a two‐tone discrimination (odd ball) task. All the subjects were free from medication. In the schizophrenics, the mean amplitudes of the N100, P300 and Slow Wave latency ranges were decreased, and the amplitude of the P200 latency range was greater than that for the controls. These reductions and the increase were found both for the ERPs elicited by rare target stimuli and for those elicited by frequent nontarget stimuli. The peak latency of N200 to rare stimuli was more prolonged in the schizophrenics than in the controls. This finding confirms the prolongation of N200 latency that Brecheret al.(1987) found for a different visual stimuli task. Neither the N100 nor P300 latency differed between the two g

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Involuntary movement disorders were investigated in a psychiatric hospital in Japan. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was 9.9%and four clinical variants of tardive dyskinesia could be classified. Of the 716 patients, tardive dystonia was identified in 15 cases, tardive akathisia in one, respiratory dyskinesia in two and rabbit syndrome in 17. The existence of tardive forms for acute dystonic reactions and akathisia suggests that any type of acute extrapyramidal symptoms can have a tardive form.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Rapid speed electrocardiograms were recorded in 13 chronic schizophrenic patients before, and at regular intervals during a six‐month trial of haloperidol decanoate. Measurements of conduction intervals in the EEG were carried out blind to patient and to assessment interval. No significant changes in heart rate; PR, QRS on QTc intervals; or T‐wave height were found. Neither was there a significant change in the blood pressure. The findings confirm that haloperidol does not have clinically relevant cardiac effects when given in therapeutic doses to physically healthy individu

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1991.tb00508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY