摘要:

SummaryWe have considered a feeling of “Hito‐mishiri” and anthropophobia as a state of personal relations that is closely related to the special consciousness that one realizes oneself to belong to the inside or the outside circle, postulating that a feeling of shame underlies “Hitomishiri”.The statistical survey of the images over “Hitomishiri” revealed that double‐structural characteristics is seen in a feeling of personal relations.In this connection anthropophobia and “Hitomishiri” were also discussed. “Hitomishiri”, however, should be considered in another aspects when it is felt in a certain personal relations; one of the aspects is a response to one's consciousness of others arising from one's awareness of own body. These two kinds of consciousness are two cooperative alternatives for the mental integrity; one's own consciousness corresponds to others‘, and in consequently both interact with each other as two cooperative alternative factors for the mental integrity in which, if one becomes conscious, others respond to it.Therefore, a feeling of “Hitomishiri” forms a pair with one's awareness of body, normally an unnoticed, neutral background for consciousness, which is obtained through one's sense that feels something from with in a certain physical state, as the relations of one in the inside to others in the outside circle is disclosed by the emotional disturbance in one's environs. It seems to be characteristic of hypochondriac trait, that it is initiated in the proess where one experiences a unpleasant, unstable feeling, and trys to exclude it because one always lives with pleasant, stable feelings with those who are in the same inside circle.For this reason, we should not ignore the historical background with regard to that a desire for self approval is controlled by the emotional, cultural conditions in Japan. It seems to be somewhat difficult at present to perform detailed analysis of “Hitomishiri,”“shame”, and anthropophobia, because there are few of comparative studies on them available.If we continue investigation of anthropophobia and orthopsiaphobia in the direction on as so far discussed, it will serve to make deeper analysis of these psychological d

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe somatosensory evoked potential in hand area for contralateral median nerve stimuli was studied by summation method using a digital computer. Thirty‐four recordings were obtained from 27 patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Analysis time were 62.5 msec and 500 msec. Nine components, N1, P1, N2, P2, N3, N1P1, P1N2, N2P2, P2N3 appeared in 62.5 msec and the later component appeared in 500 msec analysis time. Each component was compared with those of 40 normal subjects. It was considered abnormal when it came out of the median ± 2SD of normal control. When all of ten were normal it was classified normal; when seven to nine were normal, as slightly abnormal; when four to six, as moderately abnormal, and when less than three, as severely abnormal. Of 34 recordings, 5 normal, 11 slightly abnormal, 4 moderately abnormal and 14 were severely abnormal. The SEP evoluted well during the course of illness with association to the clinical improvement, and the alteration of SEP correlated well with the severity of neurological state, though there were some exceptional cases. There were nine recordings of which SEPs were abnormal not only in the affected side but also in the unaffected hemisphere. Three attenuated, three enhanced responses and other three showed symmetric small P1N2 pattern. The former six cases appeared in the severely abnormal group. The symmetric small P1N2 pattern seen in three cases was considered to be one of abnormal types.As to correlation of each component of SEP and neurological state, position, vibration and two‐point discrimination sensations were closely related to the absence of every all the ten components. Pain and temperature were not related to N1 and N1P1, but related to the absence of the remainder components. Touch and electrical sensation were questionably related to the absence of Nl and N1P1 and related significantly to the remainder components. As to delay of the latency and attenuation of the amplitude, there was no relationship between the components and each neurological state except for delayed P2 which was questionably related to impaired vibration sense (P = 0.2). Muscle power was significantly related to the defect of N2P2 and questionably to defect of N1P1, P1N2, P2N3 and the later component and attenuation of N1P1 and N2P2. Spasticity and hyperreflexia were not related to any of SEP components.In comparison of EEG and SEP, the percentage of abnormality in SEP was higher than that of routine

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA case of Neuro‐Behcet's syndrome was reported clinicopathologically.A man of 37 years old at the time of death, which occurred seven and one‐half years after the first appearance of stomatitis and six and one‐half years after the first neurological manifestations. The illness began with buccal aphthae, erythema of the lower limbs and arthralgia. Thereafter neurological symptoms such as gait disturbance, numbness of the limbs and urinary disorder recurred. Soon afterwards genital ulcers, diplopia, forced crying and laughing succeeded. Neurologically paresis of oculomotor nerve, bulbar palsy, cerebellar signs, pathologic reflex and superficial and deep sensory disturbance below the level of Th4were noted. Ocular signs were not observed.Pathologically 1) Gliosed foci of softening with centrally situated cavities 2) Unsharply defined foci of demyelination 3) Perivascular accumulation of fat granule cells. The above mentioned changes were observed in the subcortical white matter, internal capsule, puta‐men, midbrain, pontine basis, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. In the cerebral cortex foci of spongio‐necrosis were noted rarely. Demyelination was noted in the optic nerve. In general inflammatory perivascular lymphocytic infiltrations remained mild. There was also cerebellar cortical degeneration.The clinical and the anatomical findings were discussed. Comparison with previously reported chronic cases suggests that this combination of a lowd‐grade diffuse encephalitis with severe necrotic focal lesion forms the characteristic pathological pattern in the p

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary(L‐DOPA was supplied from Kyowa Hakko Co., Ltd. and from Dai‐Ichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)An effectiveness of L‐DOPA on 41 cases; 39 with idiopathic parkinsonism and 2 with olivopontocerebellar atrophy with parkinsonism, was observed. A comparison was made on several factors between 10 markedly and 9 non‐effective cases. It was found that there is a relationship between the effectiveness of L‐DOPA and an appearance of pyramidal signs which observed in all non‐effective whereas only in two out of 10 markedly effective cases. Discussions were made on the idiopathic parkinsonisms which accompany pyramidal signs and are refractiv

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe patient was a 69‐year old male, with apnoea‐tonic convulsion in sleep as the chief complaint. Over the period of 17 years prior to his admission to our clinic he had been treated as a case of night epilepsy, without improvement but aggravation. Satisfactory results of our treatment are briefly summarized as follows.1) Anticonvulsants including diphenyl‐hydantoin proved ineffective, and phenobar‐bital aggravated seizures markedly.2) Methyl phenidate and imipramine or monochlorimipramine proved to be effective, and the last drug was completely suppressed the sleep apnoea. During 15 months after discharge the continuous use of this drug has effectively inhibited the seizures up to date.3) EEG of our case shows abnormal sleep pattern which has no deep sleep pattern. And no remarkable EEG changes were observed before and after administration of monochlorimipramine, but body movements during sleep were more frequent after the administration.4) By recording EEG at the onset of this seizure there was recognized flat EEG suggesting that the tonic convulsion occurring after apnoea is an anoxic convulsion.5) As for the action mechanism of monochlorimipramine, on the basis of our findings that this sleep apnoea is closely associated with a certain depth of sleep, which resembles sleep paralysis of narcolepsy, and it has been concluded that the action mechanism of imipramine and monochlorimipramine is directed to the disturbance of sleep regulating mechanism.6) It is assumed that the mechanism of the present case consists of visceral crisis of tabes dorsalis, resultant hypoexcitability of the brain stem reticular activating system and disturbance of sleep r

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWith 13 tame cats as the subjects, of which 10 had bilateral prefrontal lesions, and 3 as the control group with temporal lesion only, a study was carried out on changes occurring in spontaneous behaviors and hypothalamic rage threshold (HRT) after receiving lesions. As a result it has been demonstrated that behavioral changes appear as hyperreactivity, emotional hyperreactivity and perseverative tendencies. As for the changes in the HRT there can be observed instability of HRT, an increase in reactivity, and a rise in HRT of the group without behavioral change. On the basis of these results it has been pointed out that the lateral surface of prefrontal cortext is involved in the process of the organism in incorporating changes of external circumstance into the HRT, and the orbital surface acts inhibitorily on the HRT.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1971.tb01492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY