摘要:

SUMMARYA multiclinic double‐blind controlled study was performed on the effects of MAP in both inpatients and outpatients with AMT as control drug.1Subjects consisted of 41 male and 45 female patients suffering from various types of depression. MAP was assigned to 42 cases and AMT to 44 cases. Of these patients, 14 MAP cases and 10 AMT cases were subsequently dropped for a variety of reasons to obtain 28 MAP cases and 34 AMT cases as evaluable.2The global improvement ratings were compared and found not significantly different for any week between the two treatments.3The global improvement ratings by the characteristic features of patients did not show any significant difference in any items studied between the two treatments.4The symptomatic improvement ratings (on the Hamilton R.S. for assessment by the physician) indicated that AMT was more effective on “anxiety (psychic).”5The symptomatic improvement ratings (on the Beck self‐assessment scale by the patient) indicated that MAP was more effective on “work” and AMT on “pathos”, “feeling of satisfaction”, “withdrawal” and “loss of libido.”6During the treatment period, 74.3 percent of the MAP group and 76.9 percent of the AMT group of patients showed some side effects or accompanying symptoms, with no significant difference recognized between the two treatments. Itemwise, however, the incidence of tremor was significantly lower (p‐=0.06) in the MAP group. Moreover, the MAP group tended to be less liable to such anti‐cholinergic side effects as dry mouth, constipation, trouble of accommodation, urinary disturbance and palpitation.7On the basis of the above findings, it is concluded that MAP is as effective against depression as AMT and less liable to the anticholinergic side effects. It is, therefor

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn two cases of chronic schizophrenia complicated by diabetes mellitus, the concomitant use of the neuroleptica and oral antidiabetics was attended by the appearance of symptoms simulative of syndrome malin, i.e. hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, blood pressure instability, disturbances of consciousness, muscle rigidity, tremor, dysphagia, salivation and urinary incontinence. In one of these cases, the patient, a 47‐year‐old man, died 10 days later. In the other case, a 62‐year‐old woman, almost all the symptoms subsided after 14 days, and oral dyskinesia persisted for only one additional month. In both cases, hypoglycemia due to oral antidiabetics was not seen. In Case 2, a combined regimen of oral antidiabetics and neuroleptica was later resumed. Again, a similar set of symptoms as seen initially were noted, along with an elevation of the serum CPK level. Parenterally administered biperiden proved to be highly effective in the control of the symptoms. The pathogenetic mechanism of these symptoms might possibly be explained as potentiation of the action of the neuroleptica by oral anti‐

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYOne hundred and seventy‐three early and mid‐adolescent schizophrenic patients were investigated during the 18‐year period from April 1958 to March 1976 and the results concerning phenomenological aspects were reported here along with some considerations.1Hereditary predispositions were found in 43 cases among 161 patients. Male patients seemed to be more predisposed than female patients. The incidence of schizophrenia was the highest among other mental disorders, while it was most frequently observed in mothers and siblings among other kinships.2Precipitative factors were recognized in 45 cases. Among them, primary social factors and physical conditions seemed to play a rather important role. These factors seemed more frequent in males than in females.3As to birth order, the incidence of adolescent schizophrenia seemed to be higher in the last half of sibships than in the first half but the difference was significant at a five‐percent level when the sibship sizes were 5–9.From the comparison of our results with the national statistics of the birth order in general population, the incidence of adolescent schizophrenia seemed to be lowest in the siblings of the second birth.4We divided the onset into three types; acute, intermediate and insidious. We were imlpressed that the acute onset seemed gradually to increase in mid‐adolescence and the insidious onset vice versa. In addition, the insidious onset was found chiefly in cases with hebephrenic pictures except hebe‐paranoid.5Hebephrenic form and simple form were frequently observed but catatonic form was relatively few. Genuine paranoid form was not found in our materials. Hebephrenic and catatonic forms were more frequently seen in males, while hebeparanoid form was more frequent in females.6Main symptoms at the onset were discussed. Delusional activities, still vague and fragmentary, were observed in about half of our materials, being mostly persecutory. It seemed that they were strongly influenced by the state of mood of patients. Hallucinations, mostly auditory of verbal nature, were observed in more than one‐fourth of our patients. On the contrary, the cases with visual and bodily hallucinations were a few in number.Autistic tendency and refusal of scholastic activities were more frequently seen in early adolescence, while suicidal attemlpts or self‐injuring tendency, manic or depressive tinge, “gemachte Erlebnisse”, “Eigengeruchsparanoia” were rather prevalent or first observed in mid‐adolescence. Various symptoms, in general, seemed to become gradually more prominent along with the progression of ages.7EEG findings and treatment were reported at the same time. But the course and the problem of defect will be dicussed in another paper.8Finally, the summaries of sex differences and of the comparison between early and mid‐

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe author examined affeotive disorders and other related symptoms (atypical chronic depressive state, suicide and self‐destructive behavior) in 141 male alcoholics to evaluate the relationship between alcoholism and affective disorders. The results were: five cases (3.5%) with primary affective disorder (2 with circular type, 1 with depressed type and 2 with involutional melancholia), nine with atypical chronic depression (4 with depressive neurosis and 5 with depressive paranoid reaction), one with successful suicide and three with prominent self‐destructive behavior on excessive drinking.The incidence of primary affective disorder in alcoholism approximates to 2 to 4 percent in Japan, and is a little lower than that of U.S.A or of Europe. A characteristic of the clinic for alcoholism was the frequent presentation of atypical or chronic depression. This was usually diagnosed as depressive neurosis or depressive personality disorder, and some developed to a transient paranoid state with excessive drinking. The rate of suicide in alcoholism seems to be lower in Japan than in Western countries: approximately a few percent in a few years in this country and 7 to 8 percent in Western countries. Those cases with prominent self‐destructive behavior were young alcoholics. They had underlying personality disorders and complicated life hist

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA 15‐year‐old boy with compulsive hand washing and fear of contamination was treated by response prevention.Each series of the response prevention was experimentally divided into four periods: total response prevention, partial response prevention, free hand washing under noticed observation, and free from prevention and free from observation periods.After nine repeats of the series he became free of the symptoms.Temporal increase of fear and appearance of “freezing” phenomenon were observed in the total response prevention periods.Besides decrease in fear and hand washing, there was observed a change of his thought on symptoms with progress of the treatment.Based on these observations and results, the mechanism of treatment of response prevention was di

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTotal sleep deprivation (TSD) was performed for one night with 11 healthy male students and three‐consecutiverevery night‐sleep was recorded. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the individual difference in SWS(min, %) on the baseline and recovery nights. The total sleep time increased on the first recovery night compared to the baseline, but it decreased significantly on the second and third recovery nights.Stage 1(%) decreased significantly on the first and second recovery nights. Stage SWS(min) showed a significant increase on the first recovery night, while SWS(%) increased significantly on the first and second recovery nights. As for Stage REM(%), there was no significant difference between the baseline and the recovery nights.There was a positive correlation between SWS(min) on the baseline and that on the recovery nights. SWS(%) also showed the same results as those obtained with SWS(min). Between SWS(min) in the baseline and the increase rate of SWS(min) on the first recovery night, there was a significant inverse correlation, while there was a tendency to inverse correlation on the second and third recovery nights. As to SWS(%), there was a significant inverse correlation between SWS(%) in the baseline and the increase rate of SWS(%) on the first and third recovery nig

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe relationship between the computerized EEG data and the mental function was studied in 73 subjects aged 60 and over in a home for the aged. The mental function was examined by Hasegawa Test (HT) (simplified dementia rating scale) and Bender Gestalt Test (BGT), and the degree of the mental deterioration was classified as normal, sub‐normal, pre‐dementia, dementia of HT, and as (‐), (+), (++), (+++) of BGT. The EEG records were analyzed quantitatively at resting state with eye‐closed and also at eye‐opened state. EEG variables were compared in each group of the two tests and the both states. The following results were obtained.1) EEG variables correlated more closely with the score of BGT than that of HT in general.2) The percent time alpha and alpha continuity at the eye‐closed state decreased significantly in dementia group of HT and (+++) group of BGT.3) With the progress of the deterioration of BGT, the percent time alpha at the eye‐opened state gradually increased, and the ratio of the percent time alpha at the eye‐opened state to the eye‐closed state increased lineally.4) With the progress of the deterioration of BGT, the percent time theta increased gradually, and the number of theta waves over the amplitude of 30 μV increased lineally especially in the central area at eye‐closed state.5) By eye opening the number of theta waves over 30 μV decreased significantly in (‐) and (+) groups of BGT, but did not change in (++) and (+++) groups.6) The peak frequency and the percent time beta did not correlate with the mental function in the aged.Parts of this paper were presented at the 5th Annual Meeting of Japan EEG and EMG Society, Tokyo, December, 1975 and at the 6th Annu

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe mechanism of absent or decreased deep tendon reflex in Eaton‐Lambert syndrome was studied. There was no evidence suggestive of the presence of a neuropathy. On the other hand, a brief (about 10 seconds) maximal voluntary contraction made the absent deep tendon reflexes elicitable, which suggests that the block of neuromuscular transmission in Eaton‐Lambert syndrome is responsible for the absent or decreased deep tendon reflex. Such enhancement of the decreased deep tendon reflex in Eaton‐Lambert syndrome might be helpful in differentiating neuropathy and Eaton‐Lambert s

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYPeripheral nerve and muscle of patients with hemiatrophy were biopsied and examined by means of light and electron microscope.The unmyelinated nerve fibers decreased in number and remaining fibers were atrophic with irregular shape and high electron density, while myelinated nerve fibers slightly decreased in number. The Schwann cells enveloping nerve fibers were also atrophic with high electron density.The muscles contained numerous glycogen granules in the myofilaments and between the myofilaments. The mitochondria in the muscles showed atrophy with high electron density. Some parts of severe atrophy showed honeycomb‐like structure forming large vacuoles in the muscle fibers.From the findings mentioned above, it is speculated that primary change was nerve fibers, especially unmyelinated nerve fiber

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY