摘要:

SummaryThe author found that a muscle which shows electrical silence at rest did not do so immediately after relaxation, but showed chiefly fibrillation voltage for various period of time. This new wave form was named “follower potential” by Prof. Maekawa, and the author observed dynamically its genesis by electromyography. Materials selected were both inpatient and outpatient in Maekawa clinic and other clinics of Kyoto University Hospital. 225 cases with various diseases were examined in a total of 360 times and 1500 needle insertions. In this paper, the author described this special wave form chiefly in N. C. A. and allied diseases. Electromyograms were observed and photograFhed on a cathode‐ray oscilloscope and a simultaneously synchronized loud‐speaker, using a concentric needle electrode of my own design (bipolar and monopolar) and chiefly in continuous sweep. Spinal root segments from cervical to sacral were examined.Results obtained were as follows:1With regard to the wave form and sound in loud‐speaker, the “follower potential” was the same as fibrillation voltage such as is obtained by denervation. That is, its amplitude and duration were 10‐100μV. and 1‐2 msec., respectively; and it appeared at random.2“Follower potentials” showed segmental distributions. And their duration varied between 1/2 second and 6 min. 10 sec. The areas of such segmental distributions coincided with the areas of stiffness and tenderness on pressure and grasping of muscles. Aim, these segmental distributions were correlated with appearance of various symptoms, such as dizziness, dyspnea, abdominal discomfort and trigonum anomaly.3Appearance of “follower potentials” corresponded highly with occurrexe of arachnoid adhesion as found in myelography. And more, “follower potential” was intensified by stopping the flow of the contrast medium in cerebrospinal space.4“Follower potential” appeared chiefly in association with complex NMU voltage and synchronization voltage, especially with the latter.5In such segments where there is a left and right difference in subjective complaints, there also occurred a left and right difference in the firing of “follower potential” both in its appearance and duration. “Follower potentials” of short duration showed time‐to‐time variations in duration, but those of longer duration had almost fixed duration, this suggests reversibility and irreversibility of the conditions in respective cases.6Electric stimulations gave rise to the “follower potentials” when generally high electric currents were used. With low electric currents, they were induced in such muscles which have showed “follower potential” already before such stimulation.7“Follower potential” was affected by various agents; i.e., they were markedly increased by adrenalin, strophe and acetylcholine, increased by noradrenalin, vagostigmin and strychnine, markedly suppressed by myanesin, moderately decreased by imidalin and TEAB., and slightly decreased by pilocarpine and histamine.From various findings here recorded, it is concluded that the existence of “follower potential” indicates lower motor neuron lesions, especially the irritable lesion of the root. Moreover, it appears that various lower motor neuron lesions, especi

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFor the purpose of exploring the function of the medulla oblongata through studying the function of the hypoglossal nerve, electromyograms from tongue muscles were obtained using concentric needle electrodes (monopolar or bipolar) of my own making and cathode‐ray oscilloscope with synchronous loud‐speaker. Furthermore, the function of the accessory nerve was estimated electromyographically from M. trapezius and M. sternocleidomastoideus; and, moreover, the function of the vagal nerve was assessed by observing pharmacodynamic responses.Focus of the attention was placed on the patients with neurocirculatory asthenia and allied diseases.M. longitudinalis superficialis was chiefly selected and, in some cases, other tongue muscles were examined.Results obtained were as follows:1Normal electromyograms of tongue muscles could be established and these could be clearly separated from various wave forms meaning various pathological lesions similar to those found in other skeletal muscles. The findings in 8 cases of control subject were: electrical silence at rest, single motor unit voltage during voluntary contraction and no “follower potential” after relaxation.2Of 41 cases with neurocirculatory asthenia and allied diseases, abnormal action pDtentials at rest were detected in 30 cases (73.2%), among whom 28 cases (93.3% showed fibrillation voltage. Other abnormal action potentials obtained during voluntary contraction were: synchronization voltage, complex NMU voltage, grouping voltage, and low amplitude NMU voltage. Furthermore, “follower potential” was detected in 11 cases. These abnormal wave forms appear to reflect diffuse bulbar lesions, and these lesions suggest the existence of subclinical adhesive arachnoiditis in the medulla oblongata.3In 14 cases with other organic diseases including bulbar palsy, fibrillation voltages were obtained in 10 cases, but “follower potential” was detected in only one case.4In 5 of 6 cases with peptic ulcer, fibrillation voltages were found at rest. Fibrillation voltages and “follower potentials” tended to be strengthened by the administration of pilocarpine and epinephrine, respectively.5Tongue muscle is the only one showing visible fibrillation, but there are evidences indicating that an accurate finding must depend on the electromyography, and, moreover, it is said that tongue muscles have small innervation ratios.As shown above, various lower motor neuron lesions of the hypoglossal and the accessory nerves were detected in patients with N. C. A. and allied diseases. It is suggested that there may be considerable functional disturbances in the medulla oblongata in the patients with N. C. A. and allied diseases.It may be said that electromyograms of the tongue muscles give an excellent clue for clinical evaluation of the function of th

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA typical case of myotonia dystrophica was studied electromyographically, and interesting findings were obtained.Electromyograms were recorded by a cathode‐ray oscilloscope with synchronous loud‐speaker using monopolar or bipolar concentric needle electrode. Electromyograms of the respiratory muscles were recorded by 8‐channel‐electroencephalographic apparatus using silver needle electrodes.Results obtained were as follows:1Typical myotonic activity was obtained in tongue muscle and thenar group. The deflection occurred in both positive and negative directions with amplitude of 400‐700 μV. and duration of 5/60 seconds. And moreover, in monopolar lead, this became monophasic. Characteristic sound was heard.2Myotonic activities were observed in muscles attended by no or slight atrophy, and absent from muscles with marked muscular atrophy. Especially, muscular atrophy was typical in M. sternocleidomastoideus, and it showed low amplitude NMU voltage electromyographically.3Myotonic activity was induced by moving the inserted needle electrode, or by percussion of the muscle. The reaction first occurred at 11 mA. when electrically stimulated.4Myotonic activities were seen during the period of retarded relaxation after forced grasping, diminishing gradually in fashions similar to that of the fibrillation voltage.5Myotonia was slightly relieved by administration of quinidine, but dystrophy couldn't be blocked. The duration of myotonic reaction was diminished moderately by the injection of insulin, but slightly prolonged by that of

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBy modified method of the Roboz et al's measurement of CSF‐PBP, there were measured the values of CSF‐PBP in 19 cases of peychopathics regarded as standing under sound mental states as well as in neurotics in remission and in 29 cases of schizophrenics, leading to the following results.1The values of CSF‐PBP of 19 cases regarded as normal gave a distribution range from 4 mg/L to 8 mg/L, with an average of 6.5 ± 1.0 mg/L. This was regarded here as the normal limit values of CSF‐PBP.2The values of CSF‐PBP in 29 cases of schizophrenics were within the range from 2mg/L to 12mg/L, with mean value of 6.3±3.1 mg/L. 19 out of 29 cases (65.6%) showed normal values, 5 cases (17.2%) slight increase and 5 cases (17.2%) decrease in value. Judged from the aggravation degree of clinical features, long‐termed deteriorated group manifested a tendency to slight decrease in comparison with the other group, and the group with abnormal PEG findings showed evidently lower value than the normal group.3In the PBP‐ratio (%) for total CSF proterin, the normal control group a distribution ranging from 2.5 to 4.0%. This value regarded as standard and over 4.1% as increase and below 2.4% as decrease, a great many schizophrenic cases gave a tendency toward decrease, especially conspicuous in long‐termed deteriorated patients with abnormal PEG findings.4From the above, it may be suggested that the variation of liquor‐PBP has not always correlation with that of total protein, and that the degenerative‐atrophic mechanisms of the brain plays a role as the factor working decreasing up

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFollowing the preceding report of this Clinic, the CSF‐PBP was measured in 63 cases of various kinds of psychopathics, and the following results were obtained.1Out of 35 cases of epilepsy, 29 cases (82.9%) showed increase in PBP value. The range of the values read 7–18 mg/L. with the mean value of 12.0 ± 3.06 mg/L. The values within the normal limits in 6 cases were more centered towards the normal maximum. As a whole, epileptic cases showed slight (16 cases) and moderate (13 cases) increase of the value.25 cases of manic‐depessive psychosis gave the values over the normal maximal limit. The range of the value read 9–12 mg/L, with the mean at 10.6 ± 1.10 mg/L.3In almost all the cases of atypical psychosis (4 cases), traumatic neurosis (8 cases) and alcohol intoxication, all the values fell within normal limits delivering insignificant difference from that of the control.4The range of values concerning 6 cases of cerebral arteriosclerosis read 9–18mg/L with the mean at 13.7±2.76 mg/L. 2 cases gave slight increase and 4 moderate increase.5Concerning the ratio of CSF‐PBP against total liquor protein, it lets detect in every psychosis types the tendency toward increase in comparison with that of the control cases, especially marked was the tendency in manic state of manic‐depressive psychosis and GM‐group of epilepsy.6From the above, it seems more than likely that variation of the CSF‐PBP fell in a wide range not only concerning cases of the organic psycho‐neurological diseases with tissue destruction or tissue proliferation but was alsa deeply influenced by such functional factors, whether in metabolic or

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe electrical activity of the hippccampus has been studied in unrestrained rabbits with electrodes chronically implanted in the brain. Simultaneous observations on the electrographical and behavioral chenges in free‐moving animals revealed that definite behavioral xanifestatiom were correlated with four levels of electrical activity of the hippocampus: (1) The excited state. The animal is exploring and its hippocampal activity shows regular slow waves at a frequency of 8 cycles per second. (2) The relaxed state. The animal is eating or licking and its hippocampal activity consists of 7 to 5 cycles per second slow waves. (3) The drowsy state. The animal lies down and its hippocampal slow waves are interspersed by fast activity, (4) The asleep state. The animal lies in a lateral position and closes its eyes and its hippocampal activity displays fast activity intermixed with irregular slow waves around 2 to 3 cycles per second. On the other hand, the electrical activity of the neocortex differs from that of the hippocampus in showing no definite correlation with the bzhavioral patterns. The dissociation between hippocampal and neocortical electrical activity has been pointed out, and its mechanism has been discussed from a phylogenetical point of vie

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Neurocirugia. Vol. VI.Psychodrama: Second Volume.byJ. L. MorenoThe Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous SystembyD. S. RusselandL. J. RubinstenGruppenpsychotherapie und Psychodrama — Einleitung in die Theorie und Praxis —vonJ. L. Moreno, M. D.The Nature of Stress Disorder — Conference of the Society for Psychosomatic Research held at the Royal College of Phys

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1960.tb02234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY