摘要:

Abstract:The effects of adolescent group psychotherapy were studied on 253 adolescent patients and 98 parents who participated in a camping marathon group psychotherapy (MGT) conducted every summer from 1972 to 1982 by the staff of the psychiatry division of Fukuoka University Hospital. Among the factors examined were the relations of the present therapy with age, individual therapy, types of disorders, the nature of conflicts of the patients, the attitudes of the patients and their parents toward the therapy and counter transference of the therapists. The objects and adjustment patterns of patients in the group therapy are considered to be dependent on these and other interrelated factors. Some of the patients adjusted to their psychological trauma resulting from their past human relations through re‐experiencing identity crisis in the group as a transitional object. They did not maintain their enhanced self‐esteem through the group experience, but apparently utilized the transitional object they identified with as a model in overcoming their crises when they returned to the real life situation and confronted their actual problems. The actual effect of the camping MGT, therefore, may be evaluated when the nature of the disorders and therapeutic goals of individual patients, revealed during the present therapy, are further dealt with in the family, individual and regular group therapy following the camping

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:We have classified 200 pre‐adolescent patients, with whom we have met during the last three years, into the following four types: 1) school refusal and obsessive behavior, 2) psychosomatic disorders, 3) depressive reactions, and 4) schizophrenic disorders. During our therapeutic process, we realized that even though their symptoms seemed varied and severe, they disappeared after comparatively short periods. The pre‐adolescent period is a turning point at which the children depart from their earlier relationships with parents and start to form new ones with friends. We facilitated the patients' developmental process in this period so that they would recover naturally by themselves. However, when we looked at the social phenomena which influence the family and children, we noticed that some factors interfered with the pre‐adolescents trying to get over the above‐mentioned turnin

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This is a report concerning 13 autistic children who have been followed up from their early infancy to adulthood. Some intake variables, such as speech development at the age of 5, were correlated with the outcome status. As a result, we showed that a higher level of speech development at age 5 did not necessarily lead to a better outcome in social adaptability. We showed also that any of the variables we examined, such as the presence of brain organic abnormality, the duration of schooling and the duration of medical treatment, were not factors in determining a good or poor prognosis. We concluded that a rather poor outcome seen in our subjects might be due to the particular situation in Japan throughout this study period, and not a reflection of the real natural history of early infantile autism.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In order to examine the cranial CT of autistic children and investigate the etiological significance of CT scan findings, the CT of the brain was surveyed in 24 children with early infantile autism (3 to 17 years with a mean age of 7.6), and 179 children with the normal CT despite their medical histories such as headaches or febrile convulsions. According to their ages, the autistic and normal children were divided into the following three groups: Group I (age ranging from 3 to 5), Group II (age: 6 to 9) and Group 111 (age: 10 to 17). 1) There was no significant difference between the bifrontal CVI of the autistic children and that of the normal children. However, in Group III, the bifrontal CVI of the autistic children was significantly higher than that of the normal children. 2) There was no significant difference between the bicaudate CVL of the autistic children and that of the normal children. However, in Groups I and II, the bicaudate CVI of the autistic children was significantly lower than that of the normal children. 3) The maximum widths of the third ventricle showed no significant difference between the autistic and normal children. However, in Groups II and III(, those of the autistic children were wider than those of the normal children. In the autistic children, as the age increases, the difference becomes significantly wider. A positive correlation was observed between the width of the third ventricle and ages of the autistic children. 4) An examination of the right‐left ratio of maximum transverse diameter of the brain showed that there was no significant difference between the autistic and normal children. The above‐mentioned results (1)‐4)) might suggest a progressive disorder of the brain structure surrounding the third ventricle or lateral ventricles in the autistic chi

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:For the purpose of clarifying the pathophysiological meaning of sleep disturbance in autistic children, the sleep pattern of 75 such children was examined by a questionnaire method. Forty‐nine of them showed sleep disturbance in their early life with an incidence of 65%. The poorly‐developed group showed a high rate of sleep disturbance as compared with the relatively well‐developed group. There was a negative correlation between the developmental level and duration period of sleep disturbance. The investigation of circumstances in which autistic children often exhibited sleep disturbance proved that abrupt changes in life environment or various problems in the way of bringing up children brought about their sleep disturbance. These findings suggest that sleep disturbance might be one of the main symptoms and related to the pathophysiology of infantile a

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The serum prolactin concentrations of schizophrenics with delusions or hallucinations, hypomanics, depressives, alcoholics with and without psychotic symptoms were examined. Among them, only the serum prolactin concentrations of alcoholics with psychotic symptoms were significantly higher when compared to the normal controls. In a stress experiment, the alterations of serum prolactin seen in schizophrenics were significantly greater when compared to the normal controls. The results are discussed in connection with the neurochemical mechanisms for the emotional states caused by stress.

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A simultaneous analytical method was reported for measuring the plasma levels of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, maprotiline, nor‐triptyline, desipramine, desmethylclomipramine, desmethylmaprotiline and amoxapine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total plasma levels of each parent drug plus its desmethyl metabolite were monitored in 29 depressed patients administered with amitriptyline, maprotiline or amoxapine using the present analytical method. There were significant linear correlations between the dose per kg body weight and the total plasma levels with amitriptyline and maprotiline, but no such correlation was found with amoxapine. The ratios of total plasma levels to dose per kg body weight of these three drugs were lower in outpatients than in inpatients. These results indicate that the monitoring of plasma levels of antidepressants is useful in treating depressio

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The serial EEGs on 10 cases of neuro‐Behcet's syndrome have been investigated and were compared with the clinical symptomatology and autopsy findings in 4 cases. In 8 cases, the EEGs showed a mild to moderate increase in slowed alpha and theta waves and in 5 cases diffuse alpha patterns. In 2 cases, large slow wave patterns were observed and in Case 10, large slow waves changed into low voltage fast dominant patterns following the status epilepticus. In all the cases, the EEG changes seemed to be well correlated with the clinical symptoms. Our present study suggested that the diffuse alpha patterns were only seen in cases with the least affected brain stem diffuse projection system. From the investigation of the sequential alterations of large slow waves in Case 10, it was suggested that a synchronization mechanism would lie in the medulla oblongat

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Progressive mental deterioration associated with parkinsonism was observed in a 68‐year‐old patient in the senile period. Pathologically, evidence of senile changes was obtained consisting of degeneration of the neurons and numerous senile plaques with classical and perivascular types. Further, neuronal degeneration in the form of Lewy bodies was evidently observed in the hypothalamus, substantianigra et innominata, locus caeruleus of the vagus nerve, some nuclei in the reticular formation of the brainstem and neurons in the cerebral cortex. The clinical and pathological manifestations were those of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It is suggested that some common etiological factors may cause those lesions as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's dise

ISSN:1323-1316    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1984.tb00357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY