ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052716

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTwo dideoxynucleosides, 2′,3′-dideoxy-β-L-cytidine and 2′,3′-dideoxy-β-L-5-fluorocytidine, containing unnatural L-configuration in their sugar moieties, were synthesized and assayed for antiviral activities. Both compounds were shown to possess potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and anti-hepatitis B virus activities, while demonstrating no anti-herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 activity. These two compounds exhibitedin vitrocellular toxicities for several leukocytic cell lines and were shown to inhibit phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte proliferations. At inhibitory concentrations, both compounds caused accumulations of cells in the S phase. While demonstrating no obvious morphological toxicityin vivoin mice at concentrations of 75 and 150 mg/kg, 2′,3′-dideoxy-β-L-5-fluorocytidine-treated animals were shown to have considerable increases in CD4/CD8double positive T lymphocyte population in their blood circulation.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052717

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractEffective treatment is not currently available for suppressing the recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. Since intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) proved useful against HSV in experimental models, we treated patients with very high frequency of HSV genital recurrences (more than 15 episodes per year) with IVIG (400 mg/Kg every fourth week). The control group was treated with intermittent oral acyclovir (800 mg twice a day for one week every month). Both groups were treated for six months and, then, patients were followed-up to further six months.Both IVIG and acyclovir were effective in reducing the frequency of HSV genital recurrences as compared to base-line. However, patients treated with IVIG had a more striking reduction in the frequency of recurrences as well as both a shorter mean duration and a minor severity of the lesions as compared to acyclovir-treated patients. Furthermore, we found a trend indicating IVIG as more effective in reducing the viral load. Since in IVIG-recipients we found a strong increase of peripheral blood lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) surface phenotype, we suggest that the clinical effectiveness of IVIG treatment is probably mediated via the expansion of NK cell populations.Our study indicates that the treatment with IVIG is an effective and safe tool for suppressing the recurrences of genital HSV infections.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052718

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractPolymorphs (PMN) and monocytes/macrophages (Mo) play a very important role in the host defence since they partecipate to inflammatory processes, tissue repairing and antitumor activity. Previous studies showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Mo are able to upregulate PMN phagocytic ability via cell-to-cell contact mechanisms mediated by bound to Mo membrane (m) cytokines (CKs), such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1αand IL-1ß. Based on these grounds, the role of Mo m-associated IL-6 and IL-8 on the modulation of PMN activity has been evaluated. In the first step, PMN incubated with lipid A (LA)-activated Mo showed an increased phagocytosis dependent on cell-to-cell contact only. In the second step, LA-activated Mo were pretreated with anti-recombinant human (Rhu) IL-6 and IL-8 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), respectively and, in such a way, the enhanced phagocytic activity of PMN was abrogated. In the third step, PMN incubated with LA-activated supernatants (AS) from PBMC cultures exhibited an enhanced phagocytic activity, that was abrogated when LA-AS were pretreated with anti-Rhu IL-6 and anti-Rhu IL-8 MoAbs, respectively. These data suggest that IL-6 and IL-8 associated to Mo membrane may modulate PMN activation through a cell-to-cell contact dependent pathway.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052719

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractModulatory effect on the murine self defense system by a newly discovered acidic polysaccharide (ANK-102) produced byP. tuberosacells in liquid culture was examined. Pretreatment with ANK-102 deteriorated the murjne survival against lethal infection ofListeria monocytogenes, an intracellular grampositive bacterium eliminated mainly by macrophages through T-cell mediated immune response. Pretreatment with ANK-102 resulted in the accumulation of Mac 1 and Mac 2 positive cells in the peritoneal cavity of the infected animals and the reduction of Thy 1.2 expression on the surface of the thymocytes. A new type of immunosuppressive polysaccharide ANK-102 was introduced.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052720

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractTrichosanthin (TCS) is a ribosome-inactivating protein from root tubers ofTrichosanthes kirilowiiMaxim. In this paper, the effects of TCS on the viability of human peripheral blood immunocytes, on the proliferation of lymphocytes, and its cytotoxicity to twelve cell lines of lymphoma or leukemia had been observed. TCS at high concentration (>12.5μg/ml) affected the viability of human B lymphocytes, but not that of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T lymphocytes and granulocytes. Human peripheral blood-derived monocytes/macrophages were hrghly sensitive to TCS (ID50 at 1.70μg/ml). TCS suppressed lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by Concanavalin A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human T cell lines and macrophage cell lines were more sensitive (ID50<0.9μg/ml) to TCS than B cell lines and myeloid lines. These results suggest that selective cytotoxicity of TCS to human macrophages/monocytes may be implicated in anti-HIV activity, and that selectively killing some leukemia-lymphoma cells by TCS merit further evaluation in treatment of some lymphoma and leukemia.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052721

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThere is a high prevalence of cocaine abuse among Americans. There is an increasing concern over the rise of infectious diseases among individuals in this drug abuse population. This concern may be due, at least in part, to a direct effect of cocaine on the immune system. The present study investigated the effects of cocaine administration on optimal mitogen-induced proliferation in rats. Following cocaine administration, splenic lymphocytes were isolated and T-lymphocytes incubated with concanavalin A. When T-lymphocytes were isolated 30 minutes following cocaine administration, a significant enhancement of optimal mitogen-stimulated proliferation was observed at 0.1 mg/Kg cocaine. Enhancement of proliferation was seen 20 hours following cocaine administration at 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/Kg. However, these results were not statistically significant. Cocaine administered once daily for seven days had no effect on mitogen-induced proliferation. These results suggest that cocaine administration has a limited effect on optimal mitogen-stimulated proliferation.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052722

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of the commercially available ketamine preparation (Ketanest™). the ketamine racemate and of the two enantiomers, the R(-)-racemate and the S(+)-racemate, as well as its drug-free solvent were examined by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-(FMLP)- and zymosan-induced oxygen radical production of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). The racemate and the two enantiomers of ketamine suppressed FMLP- and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of PMN in a dose-dependent fashion to the Same extent. Therefore suppression of chemiluminescence of PMN by ketamine does not result from a specific receptor interaction.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052723

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe in vitro effect of K+channel blockers quinidine and verapamil, anion channel blocker SITS and K+channel openers diazoxide, pinacidil, and BRL 38227 on interferon-γ(IFN-γ) induced MHC class I and II expression of Lewis rat peritoneal macrophages was investigated by cell ELISA assay. MHC class I expression was significantly enhanced by diazoxide at concentrations of 10−-5M to 10−-6M and by pinacidil and BRL 38227 at the concentration of 10−-6M. MHC class II expression was enhanced by pinacidil and BRL 38227 at concentrations of 10−-5M to 10−-6M. The enhancing effect of pinacidil could be blocked by inhibitors of the protein kinases PKA and PKC suggesting that activation of both is required for optimum induction of MHC molecule expression. K+and anion channel blockers were less active in modulation of MHC molecule expression. Verapamil had no influence, quinidine suppressed MHC class I expression at concentrations of 10−-4M to 10−-5M, and SITS suppressed MHC class I expression at the concentration of 10−-3M. Since MHC class II expression is essential for efficient antigen presentation to T helper cells and MHC class I expression is required for target cell lysis by cytotoxic T cells, ion channel modulating drugs may be potential candidates for immunopharmacological intervention in inflammatory diseases.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052724

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the role of the thymus in hypertension. Seven to eight week old, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) (systolic blood pressure 138±7 mm Hg) received a bolus injection of (1) WKY thymic extract (control), (2) spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) thymic extract, (3) SHR liver extract or (4) normotensive Sprague-Dawley rat (SD) thymic extract. Blood pressures of WKYs receiving SHR thymic rose significantly (p<0.01) over an eight week period (168±6 mm Hg), while WKYs injected with WKY thymic extract (143±10), SHR liver extract (144±5) or SD thymic extract (138±4) showed no change in blood pressure. Thymuses from WKYs injected with SHR extract were significantly (p<0.01) smaller than thymuses from WKYs injected with WKY extract. Aorta from WKYs administered SHR extract were significantly (p<0.01) hyperresponsive to contractile agents, suggesting that immune dysfunction may lead to vascular damage as seen in several hypertensive models. The results suggest that hypertension can be transferred via an endogenous thymic factor, possibly a viral pathogen.

ISSN:0892-3973    

DOI:10.3109/08923979509052725

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor