ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The definition of counseling has moved beyond the one‐to‐one relationship to include contact with clients in group settings. One variation, confrontation groups, has grown so fast in popularity that certain aspects have become malignant. Four criticisms are made of confrontation groups in counselor education today: (a) excessive anti‐intellectualism; (b) neglecting the phenomenon that such experiences can bring about worse as well as better adjustment; (c) labeling activities as group dynamics, but transforming the process into group therapy; and (d) reluctance of too many leaders to accept reasonable responsibility for their actions and inactions with groups under the influence. Eight recommendations for future practice are sugg

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A pretest‐posttest control group design was used to test the value of employing four psychotherapeutic interaction scales for self‐evaluation. The counselor‐offered conditions of empathy, non‐possessive warmth, genuineness, and intensity of interpersonal contact were self‐evaluated by 44 counselors following their counseling interviews. These evaluations were compared with supervisors' evaluations of the tape recorded sessions. Findings showed that (a) the gain in offered therapeutic conditions was significant on all scales for the experimental group but on only two scales for the control group; (b) the amount of gain for the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group on only one scale (Empathy); (c) counselor/supervisor evaluations showed highly significant concurrent validity; and (d) basic counselor personality orientations such as self‐concept strength and defensiveness generally showed no correlation with accuracy of self‐evaluation

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The personnel and guidance profession is plagued with numerous types of experts who, without attempting to do so, retard the advancement of the profession. The mark of an expert is a person who publicly and unwaveringly proclaims that he has the answers to the problems confronting the profession. Perhaps the most disturbing characteristic of the expert found in the profession today is that he represents his own position as the only “true” one regardless of the issue. It is suggested that all members of the profession adopt a more open and questioning attitude particularly with regard to their own position. Additionally, it seems that the entire profession could benefit from a number of changes. Specifically it is recommended that opinion type articles be labeled as such, that theory be separated from fact, and that a greater attempt be made to redefine the language of the profession operationa

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compared principal and self ratings of performance of guidance functions for practicing counselors who did not have teaching experience. The sample consisted of 43 counselors and their principals from throughout the United States. The ratings indicate better‐than‐average initial counselor acceptance by administrators, teachers, students, and parents with the degree of acceptance being greater after they had counseled for a while. Principal and self ratings differed significantly on initial acceptance by students and present acceptance by other counselors. Ratings of acceptance by both school psychologists and social workers were below average. There was no significant difference in counselor and principal ratings of counselor understanding of various school procedures and policies or of their ability to perform basic guidance activities. A majority of the principals who had worked with the counselors with non‐teaching backgrounds indicated they would recommend the hiring of such a person to their school

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In counterbalanced order trainees of two groups were trained on dimensions as follows:Group A: (a) counselor‐responsive dimensions, (b) counselor‐initiated dimensions;Group B: (a) counselor‐initiated dimensions, (b) counselor‐responsive dimensions. Pre‐, mid‐, and post‐testing indicated that both programs were effective in demonstrating changes in communication and discrimination of both counselor‐responsive and counselor‐initiated dimensions. The counselor‐responsive—counselor‐initiated (R‐I) sequence effected the greatest changes in the counselor‐responsive dimensions in the briefest period of time while not being significantly different from the level of functioning of the counselor‐initiated—counselor‐responsive (I‐R) group on

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A four‐day T‐Group was conducted conjointly with counselor education staff members and practicum students. At the end of the T‐Group significant gains were made on the Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory, a measure of Rogers' conditions of a helping relationship. Three months later clients of the group members rated them on the same measure. A number of significant correlations were found. A follow‐up questionnaire anecdotally supported the

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While researching clients “from stem to stern” to see what effects participation in counseling may have upon the non‐professional member of the encounter, the field of counseling appears to have ignored the possibility that the “other party,” the counselor, may alterhisbehavior in some way as a result of counseling relationships. In a modest approach to this question, the author worked with 252 new counselor graduates entering their first professional experience. It was found that certain counselors tend to become more altruistic in their interpersonal orientations during their first year in the field. At the same time, however, the new counselors not only select a counseling theory which is considerably more directive than they believe their teachers would support, but they become even more directive in theory preference during their initial year of experience. The need for more detailed studies of the professional member of the counseling relationship appear

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As the demand for counseling within a religious setting increases, clergymen are expressing a need for more counselor education. If pastoral counseling is considered distinctly different from other counseling, then pastoral counseling education is the province of the seminaries. If the pastoral counselor is not considered basically different from other counselors, a secular counselor education program can serve the needs of ministers as well as other counselors by having a central core of required professional courses and then optional branches for specialization in counseling. Finding appropriate instructors for the pastoral counseling courses could be a problem. Candidates for pastoral counseling should be as carefully screened and tested as other graduate students in counseling. The counseling program should offer ministers the opportunity to learn about group work and, ideally, the opportunity for supervised practicum work in several different settings. There should be some provision for individual and group therapy for the pastoral counselors themselves as a means of enhancing their own effectiveness. When a secular institution feels that it cannot adapt its regular program to fit the needs of pastoral counselors, it can be of service by arranging special workshops and conferences for the clergymen of the area, and counselor educators can be available as consultants to seminaries and churches that request assistance.

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ASCA statement on the role of the school counselor is a reification. As a generalist the counselor dissipates his professional identity. Institutional restraints on the job and upon the campus lead to incompetence in counseling practice and a pervasive belief that counseling is ineffective. A suggested alleviation of this problem specifically involves the abandonment of the teaching experience requirement, increasing counselor education staff commitment to counseling, and the introduction of a paid internship for counselor candidates. Two specialists are recommended to replace the present guidance model: A Counselor‐Consultant and a Career Information Specialis

ISSN:0011-0035    

DOI:10.1002/j.1556-6978.1970.tb01375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY