摘要:

Painful episodes have been identified as one of the most frequent manifestations of sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin HbSS). This retrospective study compared the frequency of hospitalization and the academic performance of two groups of children with HbSS (ages 8 to 18 years) with differing frequencies of pain. A high frequency (HF) group (n= 10) was composed of children who had four or more hospitalizations for pain in the study period; those in the low frequency (LF) group (n= 11) had one or no hospitalizations for pain during the study period. The two groups were matched on age (within 6 months), gender, and ethnicity. Standardized assessments of academic achievement and school records of attendance and class grades were obtained for all participants. The standardized academic achievement for both groups was approximately one standard deviation below the normative mean of the population sample, and class grades were below a C average. School absence was frequent in both groups (LF mean = 16.8 days/year; HF mean = 35.4 days/year), and children in the HF group had significantly more absences than children in the LF group. The lack of difference in academic performance between the two groups suggests that there may be factors other than school absenteeism that affect academic achievement, which require further investigation.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869509080953

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare two groups of families on measures of current family functioning and to explore factors related to current family functioning. Surveys were mailed to parents from families (n= 27) whose child aged 1 to 5 years had been hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and parents from families (n= 25) whose child aged 1 to 5 years had been hospitalized on a general care unit (GCU) in a large Midwestern children's hospital within 3 years of their child's discharge. Time since discharge ranged from 16 to 158 weeks (M= 84.9,SD= 36.0). The Cohesion and Adaptability subscales of the FACES III and the Feetham Family Functioning Survey (FFFS) were used to measure family functioning, and the Pediatric Risk of Mortality Scale (PRISM) was used to measure child acuity during hospitalization. Family functioning scores were not significantly different for PICU and GCU families. PRISM scores were negatively related to family adaptability for mothers and to family cohesion for fathers. Length of hospital stay was negatively related to fathers' adaptability ratings. Length of stay and PRISM scores were significant predictors of fathers’cohesion ratings; PRISM and location (PICU vs. GCU) were significant predictors of mothers adaptability ratings. The findings suggest that it is not a PICU admission alone that has negative effects on the family; rather, the additive effects of how sick the child is on admission, where the child is hospitalized, and how long the child stays in the hospital may have negative consequences for the family.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869509080954

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this article is to describe in greater detail the sociocultural context of, and its level of supportiveness for, families with a child with myelomeningocele. Using the Family Management Style framework and a semistructured interview guide, the authors interviewed 30 mothers and fathers in this qualitative study. Families were stratified by age of the child with myelomeningocele. Fifteen categories reflecting components of the sociocultural context were identified. Across the fifteen categories, three major themes emerged: (a) Sharing Information, (b) Interpersonal Interactions, and (c) Supports/Hindrances. Levels of supportiveness across the three themes were described as supportive, moderately supportive, moderately nonsupportive, and nonsupportive. An exemplar case is presented for each. To assist families better, nurses need to assess each family's sociocultural context and its perceived level of supportiveness in the course of managing the child's chronic condition. Families require developmentally appropriate and current information specific to their situations. Interpersonal interactions should be individualized with a goal of empowering the family. Nurses should also determine supports or hindrances that may be modified through the plan of care.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869509080955

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to compare sucking and breathing rhythmicity in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW,<1,500 g) infants during morning feedings and afternoon feedings. Nine infants were fed at 9 a.m., and nine at 3 p.m. Eight morning-fed infants and 8 afternoon-fed infants had a continuous sucking (CS) period at the beginning of the feeding; 9 morning-and 8 afternoon-fed infants had an intermittent sucking (IS) period during which sucking bursts alternated with sucking pauses. Morning-fed infants had a lower respiratory rate during CS (p<. 1) and IS (p<. 05), a greater decrease in minute ventilation from the prefeed period to the CS period (p<. 05), and lower sucking pressure during IS (p<. 05) than afternoon-fed infants. Breathing and sucking rhythmicity scores were calculated as an indicator of the coordination of sucking and breathing. Morning-fed infants had lower scores than afternoon-fed infants (p<. 05). These findings suggest that morning feedings are more difficult than afternoon feedings for VLBW infants and point to the need for further studies to compare morning and afternoon feedings.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869509080956

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this project was to teach postpartum nurses about the many facets of newborn behavior and to help these nurses teach parents to recognize and respond to their newborn's cues, states, and behaviors. TheKeys to Care giving: Self-Instructional Video Serieswas used to accomplish this goal. Eighteen maternal-child nurses from a large metropolitan health sciences center completed the program. The average pre-test score was 80%; the average post-test score was 94%. Based on the pre-and post-test scores, the results demonstrate an improvement in nurses' knowledge about newborn behavior after completing theKeys to Care givingprogram. The responses from staff nurses who completed the program were overwhelmingly positive.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869509080957

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study conducted in a pediatric hospital was initiated to determine whether an educational program focusing on the identification and referral of children at risk for developmental disturbances or variation would increase nurses' ability to identify such children and increase the actual number of referrals. Data analysis comparing pre-and post-intervention referral rates revealed fewer children being referred than should have been. The number of referrals did not differ significantly between pre-and post-education groups. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869509080958

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Creating A Healthy Camp Community: A Nurse's Role: Kris Miller Lishner&Margaret Auld Bruya Matinsville, IN: American Camping Association, 1994, $19.95

ISSN:0146-0862    

DOI:10.3109/01460869509080959

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor