ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial continues to generate information and controversy on the visual and neurologic outcome and treatment of optic neuritis. At the same time, other researchers explored cerebrospinal fluid parameters in multiple sclerosis, treatment of experimental optic neuritis, corticosteroid treatment of multiple sclerosis, and variations and mimickers of optic neuritis.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This last year has been a particularly busy one in the field of neuro-ophthalmology. The publication of the second, important, randomized multicentered trial in neuro-ophthalmology highlights the power of randomized trials to answer important clinical questions. This and other publications emphasize the pivotal role of vascular pathophysiology in production of neuro-ophthalmic disease. The progress in our understanding of mechanisms of vascular obstruction, risk factors for vascular disease and ocular manifestations, as well as technical advances in our approach to patients with vascular problems have continued the broad-front advancement in neuro-ophthalmology.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A wealth of new information has recently come to light concerning the pupillary response to various types of visual input. Much of this information is recent, and has either been published in the last year, is in press, or has just been reported at meetings. This new information is important because it is resulting in reexamination of the pupillary input pathways and the clinical role for using pupillary movements to understand the physiology and pathology of the visual system. This review will focus on this new information and its clinical implication. The review is organized in the following sections: 1) the pupillary response to full-field, global light stimuli; 2) “pupil perimetry” or the pupillary response to focal light stimuli; 3) the pupillary response to isoluminant stimuli,eg, color spatial frequency, motion; 4) receptive field organization in the pupillary light reflex pathway.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ophthalmic, neurologic, and neuro-ophthalmic literature over the past year have included a wide variety of interesting case reports, patient series, and reviews involving eye movement abnormalities. This review highlights some of the more important articles and how they contribute to our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders. A few topics will receive particular emphasis. In patients with sixth nerve palsies, botulinum toxin injection of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle has been advocated. Recent results suggest that this treatment has no beneficial effect in acute sixth nerve palsies, but it may have a role in chronic cases. Two groups of authors, each supplying retrobulbar botulinum toxin injection for patients with acquired nystagmus and debilitating oscillopsia, obtained mixed results. One group of patients was moderately satisfied, whereas in the other group, no patients elected to repeat the treatment because of side effects such as ptosis, diplopia, or discomfort from keratitis. Finally, skew deviation is becoming a more recognized cause of vertical double vision from a central or peripheral basis. Articles published recently showed that cyclodeviation may be seen in skew deviation, and that binocular cyclotorsion distinguishes this motility abnormality from a fourth nerve palsy, which exhibits monocular excyclotorsion.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A number of degenerative disorders of the nervous system are associated with visual or ocular motor disturbances. Over recent years, these problems have attracted a great deal of interest because they may aid diagnosis and also improve our understanding of pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss both of these aspects of the study of degenerative conditions and attempt to demonstrate the clinical significance of a number of new findings.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent advances in genetics tend to center on the discoveries of molecular biology. A disease is first linked to a region on a chromosome, a gene is later cloned, or a candidate gene identified, point mutations described, phenotype-genotype correlations made, and rationales for treatment proposed. Several neuro-ophthalmological diseases have recently been studied in this way; including Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and other mitochondrial diseases, autosomal dominant (Kjer) optic atrophy, Wolfram syndrome, or DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), Usher syndrome, neurofibromatosis types I and II, and two disorders of the paired box genes: aniridia and Waardenburg's syndrome. Apart from molecular biology there are still some new disease entities being described and new inheritance patterns identified for some syndromes, such as periodic alternating nystagmus.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There have been a number of technical developments in the field of visual electrodiagnosis in recent years, some of which are beginning to “bear fruit” in terms of improving accuracy of diagnosis. In addition there is more information available from electrophysiology and neurochemistry of retinal function that will lead to a clearer understanding of the physiological basis of clinical tests.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID