ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three interesting developments in perisurgical medication were evaluated during the past year. After years of discussion concerning the prophylactic use of anti-inflammatory agents prior to cataract surgery, a report was published describing the results of a prospective study on this subject. There were many papers on anesthesia, some evaluating comfort, some comparing different methods of anesthesia, and others discussing ways to minimize the necessity of anesthesia. There were also several reports studying the postoperative effects of several anti-inflammatory agents.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Unfolding of proteins was shown to occur in human cataract more than 25 years ago. Recently, the term conformational diseases was applied to a whole group of diseases in which unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate. In this article, common features in the biochemistry and epidemiology of cataract, Alzheimer's disease, and other conformational diseases are explored.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review attempts to interpret the basic science and more esoteric aspects of diseases associated with cataract, in the context of practical management and diagnostic implications. In the past year, the large epidemiologic Beaver Dam Eye Study has dismissed many putative relationships between cataract and cardiovascular risk factors. However, glycated hemoglobin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels still have an association. Cataract continues to be associated with a number of systemic diseases and syndromes such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, atopy, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Marfan's syndrome, and the Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. The unifying role of oxidative stress in the formation of these, as well as iatrogenically induced laser cataracts, is presented, together with a biochemical update on the pathogenesis. Finally, to bridge the gap between the basic science and clinical significance, recent controversial and practical management issues have been highlighted.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although no major breakthroughs have recently emerged in the area of lens insertion techniques and technology, small incremental advancements continue to take place for the placement of foldable intraocular lenses through small incisions. Folders have become more innovative in their ability to effectively fold lenses, and inserters have been downsized and enhanced to allow insertion through smaller incisions with more effective purchase of the lens. New cartridge injectors are increasing in popularity because of their ease of use and ability to pass through smaller incisions, especially with modifications. In addition, increased knowledge regarding techniques and complications of noncapsular supported intraocular lenses continues to be gained, adding to our ability to choose the proper technique for secondary lens insertion in these selected patients.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Over the past year, major advances have occurred in our understanding of the surgical management of pediatric cataracts. New insights concerning the response of the pediatric eye to intraocular lens implantation coupled with improved surgical techniques are expanding the indications and reducing the complications of intraocular lens implantation in children. Additionally, new progress has been made in identifying the risk factors for the development of pediatric cataracts and the etiologies of associated complications.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy has become a common procedure in the management of coincident cataract and glaucoma. As the medical options to treat glaucoma continue to improve, more patients may not require surgical intervention until the time of cataract extraction. Current techniques using small-incision phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with antimetabolites have vastly improved the results of combined glaucoma surgery. This article discusses many of the important issues as they relate to this subject. This is not a comprehensive review, but rather a discussion of the literature in the scanning period of this issue.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The status of the cornea is crucial to a good outcome with cataract extraction. Preexisting corneal disease must be managed appropriately to get the high quality results that we have come to expect with modern day cataract surgery. It is now more common to perform cataract surgery on patients who have had previous corneal refractive surgery, and in these patients intraocular lens power calculation is more challenging. Complications following cataract surgery and lens implantation that involve the cornea are uncommon because of advances in surgical techniques. Corneal complications can include mechanical or toxic injury of the endothelium, stripped Descemet's membrane, epithelial toxicity and disruption, infectious keratitis, or epithelial ingrowth. Endothelial cell survival after cataract extraction and lens implantation is still the major concern. Healing of the cornea following clear corneal incisions has become more important, as this technique is used more frequently. There are several recent studies looking at the results of clear corneal incisions performed for cataract surgery. Patients with ocular surface disease still require extra lubrication and management of blepharitis to prevent epithelial toxicity at the time of surgery as well as postoperatively. Clear corneal cataract extraction and lens implantation cause minimal disruption of the conjunctiva, allowing cataract surgery to be performed in patients with severe ocular surface disease such as ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Overall, modern day cataract extraction is very safe for the cornea.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed refractive procedure in the world today. Improvements in the calculation of intraocular lens power and design have allowed complete spherical correction of preexisting refractive error with intraocular lens implantation. Advances in incision construction have improved the refractive results of cataract surgery by minimizing surgically induced astigmatism. Astigmatism and pseudophakic presbyopia continue as the primary indications for spectacle correction following cataract surgery. Improvements in the technique of correcting preexisting astigmatism with cataract surgery have improved the uncorrected visual outcome of cataract surgery. The application of these advances in technology over the past year has demonstrated that full refractive correction of the cataract patient is now possible.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The refractive aspects of cataract or lens surgery has formed a new field of operations. To reduce astigmatism and high myopia, surgeons are looking into alternatives and using various incision techniques as well as phakic intraocular lenses or clear lens extraction to achieve emmetropia. High hyperopia with short axial length and high required intraocular lens power are corrected by piggyback intraocular lens implantation. The use of multifocal intraocular lenses compensates for the loss of accommodation after lens extraction.

ISSN:1040-8738    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID