ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is suggested, first, that existing descriptions of the structure of central place theory are incomplete and, second, that studies describing either the theory or Christaller's scholarship as static or lacking a historical dimension do not reflect the extent of his contribution. A clear recognition of the role of change was basic to Christaller's interpretation of the territorial organization of urban systems; this awareness was satisfied in the original statement of his theory by the inclusion of a dynamic component; and the role of change was an important theme throughout his published research.Il est proposé, en premier lieu, que les études existantes qui décrivent la structure de la théorie des places centrales sont incomplètes et qu'en deuxième lieu, les études qui décrivent soit cette théorie soit les travaux de Christaller eux‐même comme étant sans une dimension dynamique ou historique ne reflètent pas l'étendue des recherches de Christaller. En effet, une reconnaissance très explicite du rôle de la dynamique est fondamentale à 1'interprétation evoquée par Christaller en matière de l'organiza‐tion géographique des systèmes urbaines; de plus, cette reconnaissance fut comprise dans l'exposé original de sa théorie avec l'élaboration d'un élément dynamique, et ceci fut un thème important au trave

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The internal spatial arrangement of some 1,000 farms in Manitoba is examined. About three‐fifths of the farms comprise one or more separated pieces besides a farmstead piece. Efficiency of fanning appears to be the main factor governing the areal layout of both farmstead and separated pieces. Farmstead pieces tend to be large and to comprise side contiguous parcels. Separated pieces are generally close to each other and the farm headquarters, and larger pieces are preferred to smaller ones. Farms become more broken up with increasing farm size, but layouts vary little from region to region or among ethnic groups.On examine la disposition interne et spatiale de quelque mille fermes du Manitoba. Environ trois cinquièmes de ces fermes comprennent une ou plusieurs parties de terre qui sont détachées de la partie principale. Il semble que l'éfficacité de l'agriculture est l'élément le plus important en ce qui concerne la disposition régionale d'une ferme et de ses parties détachées. Les parties principaux ont une tendance àêtre grandes et à comprendre des parties qui sont laterales et contiguës. En général les parties détachées avoisinent les unes les autres aussi bien que la partie principale, et les parties plus grandes sont préférées aux celles qui sont plus petites. Plus une ferme s'agrandit, plus ses parties deviennent dispersées, mais la disposition des fermes diffère peu d'une région à une autre ou p

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Underlying much of location theory is a presumption that the costs and revenues of enterprise vary from place to place. Such variations describe spatial cost and revenue surfaces to which locational decisions may be referenced. Changes in Ontario Hydro's pricing practices between 1906 and 1981 illustrate the substantial impact of policy on three major sources of spatial variation in costs. In consequence, it appears that locational decisions are increasingly referenced to artificial, policy‐distorted cost surfaces. Prospects of achieving a spatially efficient configuration of economic activity appear to be severely compromised.La «théorie d'emplacement » se fonde sur la présomption que les dépenses et les revenus d'une enterprise varient selon l'endroit ou elle est située. Le choix de l'emplacement d'un project est affecté par ces variations de couts d'espace et de possibilités de revenus. Les changements dans les practiques des prix d'hydro Ontario entre 1906 et 1981 illustrent les impacts considerables de cette politique sur trois sources principales de variations des couts. Il semble cependant que les décisions basées sur la «théorie d'emplacement » soient faussées d'autant plus que les couts se révélent irrealistes. Base sur cette théorie les chances de parvenir a une situation économique optimale apparaissent être s

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper postulates that there has been a movement of port functions away from the city centre that has allowed that area to take on an urban orientation; thus separate and specialized areas of port activity and urban activity have developed in cityport waterfronts. The waterfronts of Saint John and Halifax for the period 1875–1978 are studied to illustrate the concept of separation and specialization of land uses. Reasons suggested for such developments relate to technological changes in transportation and cargo‐handling and the declining dependency between the port and city.La communication postule que les fonctions du port se sont éloignées du centre de la ville, ce qui a permis à la région de s'urbaniser; de ce fait, les activités portuaires et les aetivités urbaines des quais de ces villes‐ports ont subi un développement propre et spécialisé. On a étudié le développement des quais des villes de Saint‐Jean et d'Halifax pendant la période allant de 1875 à 1978, afin d'illustrer le concept de division et de spécialisation dans l'utilisation des différentes zones. Nous proposons que les raisons de ce type de développement sont basées sur les changements technologiques survenus dans le domaine du transport et de la manutention des marchandises, ainsi que sur la diminution de la dépendance

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As a professional and academic geographer in a Canadian university for the last fourteen years, I have become increasingly aware that there is a growing dichotomy between pure and applied research in physical geography. This breach has been discussed by numerous prominent figures in the field. Yet it is disquieting that many published statements amount to defences of the one or attacks on the other of these two aspects of the discipline. For example, Chorley has written: ‘Utilitarian approaches to geomorphology will either result in large‐scale work of which the intellectually‐sterile taxonomic mapping is the most depressing precursor, or in a piecemeal concentration on small‐scale realist systems. The construction of [realist] models in geomorphology may not be a secure base for geomorphological theory.’ To Hails, by contrast, ‘There seems little doubt that geomorphologists will be asked to resolve problems created by technological innovation and engineering design in the future … [Thus]the contribution of geomorphologists might be increased if the subject was taught in such a way that students were acquainted with the necessary techniques for scientific applied studies and the needs of the

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A partir des armiés 60, la géographie urbaine voit se dessiner de l'intérieur un domaine qui ne cessera de s'affirmer par la suite jusqu'à devenir, au début des années 70, une quasi mini‐discipline possédant à la fois un object d'étude spécifique, la différenciation de l'espace urbain, et un cadre méthodo‐logique des mieux définis. L'écologie factorielle, puisqu'il s'agit d'elle, allait ainsi devenir la source de nombreuses études qui se donneront comme tâche de décrire, voire expliquer la structure socio‐

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The gravity model in its basic forms postulates that the volume of interaction between two places will be positively related to the populations (masses) of the two places and inversely related to their distance apart. Although it is not strictly speaking a hierarchical model, it is often used to explain flows among places that constitute a hierarchical spatial system. This paper is specifically concerned with the effect of hierarchical spatial structure on the performance of the gravity model. Accordingly, I will examine first the effect of hierarchical structure on the volume of interaction between places and second the degree to which the gravity model incorporates these hierarchical effects. Third, suggestions will be made for the improvement of the gravity model's performance by an explicit incorporation of a hierarchical element. The performance of the gravity model will be examined for both one‐way and two‐way flows between pla

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A recreation manager is sensitive to user opinions in deciding upon approaches to the regulation of wilderness use. Different methods of regulation will likely be viewed as resulting in more or less satisfaction for the user. To determine recreational satisfaction with a particular approach, then, it is essential that an appropriate portion of the user population should be sampled. Otherwise, management policy might promote recreational behaviour inappropriate to the management objectives for the setting, while displacing users whose behaviour is more in keeping with that setting.

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rothacker expresses concern about an apparent methodological error that could lead to the possible adoption of inappropriate management policies. Rothacker fears we have neglected the possibility of user displacement, an interpretation that stems largely from our observation that ‘interviewing was focused on those areas of the park where recreational use was concentrated.’ We trust that the following explanation will clarify the situation and alleviate his conce

ISSN:0008-3658    

DOI:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1983.tb00685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY