ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents an overview of the literature on stress and the environment using a basic attitude change paradigm. The stress literature is organized around characteristics of source, transmission, and audience variables. Prominent models of stress are reviewed, along with classifications of stressors themselves. The appraisal of stressors is considered as a transmission variable, affected by such factors as attitudes towards the stressor, perception of risk and danger, and perceived control. Research on dispositional variables is also reviewed and the stress response is discussed.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article presents an overview of research and theory on the nonauditory effects of noise on human behavior and health. Laboratory and naturalistic research on the effects of noise on human performance, interpersonal behavior, annoyance, cognitive development, and mental and physical health are reviewed. The review includes studies of children as well as adults, and the discussion emphasizes the relevance of this research for predicting the effect of noise in community and industrial settings. Noise effects are viewed as determined by variations in psychological characteristics of a situation as well as the physical parameters of the sound. Predictability and controllability of a noise, its meaning for the respondent and its degree of interference with auditory communication are factors that mediate the effects of noise across a variety of outcome measures.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reviews research on the relationship of high ambient temperatures to physiological adaptation, performance, and the social behaviors of attraction, aggression, and helping. In general, very high temperatures reduce performance, attraction, aggression and helping behavior. Moderately warm temperatures, however, have less predictable effects, sometimes facilitating a given behavior and at other times reducing it. High temperatures may either increase or decrease arousal, narrow attention, and cause discomfort. The mediators of arousal, adaptive capacity, and negative affect are employed to explain the empirical data, and to suggest directions for future research.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While the impacts of human behavior on air pollution are considerable, very little research has examined this relationship. Similarly, little work has ensued on the effects of air pollution on human behavior. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on air pollution and behavior and present an organizational structure that demonstrates gaps in the literature and lays an initial, conceptual framework for future research. The paper discusses research on the health effects, cognitive, affective, and conative components of air pollution and human response. In addition, the important roles of mediational constructs such as controllability of pollutant and adaptation are discussed in detail.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model of crowding highlighting the importance of perceived control and group orientation is discussed. The literature on crowding in residential and laboratory settings is reviewed. Control and group orientation are shown to mediate reactions to high density environments, both in residential and laboratory settings. Needed future directions in research on crowding are discussed. These include intensive case studies focusing on the processes used to cope with crowding, paying greater attention to the role of group phenomena, and studying the effects of crowding in classroom settings.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper focuses on ways that the design of the physical environment affects important individual goals, such as appropriate levels of social interaction and wayfinding and spatial orientation. A preliminary framework is proposed that suggests that the design of the environment causes stress by affecting person‐environment fit. Next, the role of the physical environment in the regulation of social interaction and in wayfinding and spatial orientation is discussed. Finally, several suggestions for future research are presente

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper addresses constraints on and opportunities for the use of social science knowledge about environmental stressors in the making of public policy. It first identifies groups for which knowledge about stressors can be useful, including various levels of government and the branches within those levels. Then a spectrum of types of use of knowledge is set out. Constraints on use noted include the differences in the agendas of the social science research and policy communities, the legal and philosophical limitations on a research directed public policy and the differences in the two communities relating to the nature of inquiry. In the final sections, conditions that point to the increased usefulness of stressor research are identified and opportunities for increasing the links between the policy and research enterprises are described.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1981.tb01064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY