摘要:

The goals of this special issue on constructive conflict management are (1) to highlight the feasibility of using constructive conflict management to deal with conflicts arising as a consequence of interpersonal or intergroup diversity; (2) to promote understanding of how to manage conflict more constructively through the presentation of theoretical pieces, case histories, and empirical studies; and (3) to identify the conflict areas most urgently requiring research and policy attention. A brief background of social conflict research and a summary of each article is provided.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article starts with a listing of several propositions to which most students of conflict, no matter what their discipline, would assent. Next, there is a discussion of such factors affecting the course of conflict as the orientation to the conflict of the parties involved, their personalities, the issues, and the conflict's social‐cultural context. The following part discusses the skills involved in constructive solutions, an area that has been neglected by most scholars. The final part presents some suggestions for researc

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Conflict can arise in virtually any social setting, be it between or within individuals, groups, organizations, or nations. Such conflict can be managed in any of a number of possible ways. These include domination through physical or psychological means, capitulation, inaction, withdrawal, negotiation, or the intervention of a third party. This article explores the latter two approaches to conflict management, first examining two very different models—mutual gains and concession‐convergence—that have emerged for the understanding of negotiation, and then turning to the roles and functions of outside interv

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Destructive intergroup conflict saps resources, perpetuates injustice, and wreaks horrendous costs on individuals and societies. Generic principles are developed for analyzing, confronting, and resolving intergroup conflict by drawing on theoretical, empirical, and practical work in applied social science. The principles are compatible with humanistic values and planned social change and are illustrated with reference to three case studies of intergroup conflict. Principles of analysis specify the areas of exploration and the nature of communication required to effectively understand destructive intergroup conflict. Principles of confrontation indicate the qualities of intergroup interaction and the nature of the problem‐solving and negotiating processes necessary to successfully address the conflict. Principles of resolution enumerate the requirements and outcomes necessary for intergroup conflict to be transformed to a mutually acceptable state that is self‐supporting and self‐corre

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While empirical studies have generally demonstrated the value of mediation in divorce, little research has been conducted on the specific models of mediation that are most efficacious in such disputes. This article reports the results of an intensive analysis of 32 cases of custody mediation conducted at the Essex County (NJ) Family Court. One‐half of the cases represented predivorce parental disputes; one‐half were postdivorce disputes. Nearly half of the cases were characterized by extremely high levels of parental conflict. Mediator behavior was assessed in one 1 1/2–2‐hour closing case conferences, supplemented by the examination of audio or video recordings of mediation in 62% of the cases. The effectiveness of mediation was assessed by a postmediation telephone interview and by an analysis of court records, both conducted approximately 18 months after the termination of mediation. Two contrasting styles of enacting the mediator role were identified: The settlement‐oriented style (SOS) and theproblem‐solving style(PSS). Mediators tended to use one or the other style. The SOS mediators were primarily concerned with getting a “settlement” and staying “neutral”; PSS mediators were more focused on understanding the causes of the conflict through persistent question asking and were willing to depart from strict “neutrality” in cases where the conflict was being fueled by particularly destructive behaviors in one of the parents. SOS was the mediator style in 59% of the cases, PSS in 41%. Compared to SOS, PSS produced a more structured and vigorous approach to conflict resolution during mediation, more frequent and durable settlements, and a generally more favorable attitude toward the mediation experience. SOS was not necessarily

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this largely exploratory study of the conflict management and coping behavior of homeless adolescents, the authors interviewed 176 families (mother‐adolescent dyads) living in New York City welfare hotels. Results indicated that peer conflict was the “worst” problem of the previous month as reported by approximately 50% of these youth. Homeless adolescents demonstrated conflict management and coping patterns that differed in certain respects from adolescent patterns previously described in the literature. The implications of these differences as well as directions for future research are disc

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An intervention model of constructive conflict resolution (CCR) and cooperative learning (CL) was implemented and tested on three campuses of an urban alternative high school. Campus A received training only in CCR, Campus B received training in both CCR and CL, and Campus C received training only in CL. The model posited that interpersonal relations mediated the effects of CCR and CL on social‐psychological and educational outcomes. The findings indicate that improvements in CCR increased social support and decreased victimization for the students. These changes in a student's interpersonal relations led to higher self‐esteem, more positive attitudes toward life, less depression or anxiety, and enhanced internal locus of control, which in turn contributed to greater academic achievem

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

All children, adolescents, and young adults need to learn how to manage conflicts constructively. There are three steps in doing so. The first is establishing a cooperative context, primarily through the use of cooperative learning. The second is to create intellectual conflicts through the use of structured academic controversies. Controversy results in increased student achievement, critical thinking, higher level reasoning, intrinsic motivation to learn, and a number of other important educational outcomes. The third is to establish a peer mediation program in which students try to negotiate integrative agreements to their conflicts of interests and, if negotiations fail, to seek the help of a peer mediator. All students should be taught how to negotiate and how to mediate and the role of mediator should be rotated throughout the classroom and school so that all students gain mediating experience. The theory and research underlying these steps is reviewed.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Managers and dispute resolution professionals find themselves increasingly involved in the management of conflicts that have significant legal and performance implications for their organizations. In this context, constructive conflict management practices have gained considerable currency. There is, however, one kind of dispute that these practices leave unaddressed: disputes that arise out of, or are complicated by, social diversity. As new social groups enter the work force and move up in organizations, conflicts rooted in class, gender, race, and ethnicity have become more prominent. Existing discourses of organizational conflict management mask such conflicts, dealing with them in ways that are not constructive for all parties considered. An ideology of meritocracy in organizations privileging individual accounts of success, an absence of collective identity by groups, and differential access to power and influence keep disputes that arise from diversity from being heard on those terms. Some approaches are suggested to help organizations deal constructively—for all—with conflicts that have their bases in social divers

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reviews the development of interactive problem solving as an unofficial approach to the resolution of international conflicts, especially as we have applied it to the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict. The article describes the concept of the continuing workshop, which represents our latest attempt to maximize the political impact of interactive problem solving. After presenting the goals, terms of reference, and ground rules of such workshops, the paper examines their potential contribution to the larger process of conflict resolution. The principles of the continuing workshop have been applied in a series of meetings between high‐ranking Israeli and Palestinian participants. The paper discusses some of the practical issues confronted in this effort, such as preparation, selection of participants, and the third‐party role; and assesses the contribution of this continuing workshop to transforming the relationship between the two societies in con

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY