ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article critiques the assumptions about the nature and meaning of disability advanced in social‐psychological writing, suggests the origins of these assumptions, and proposes a return to a Lewinian/minority‐group analysis of the situation of people with disabilities. It concludes by placing the articles in this issue of theJournal of Social Issuesin context and by presenting questions in need of further explorat

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The social science literature on physical disabilities suffers a curious omission in the relative lack of attention paid to a cross‐cultural or historical perspective. We argue that disability is a human constant—that is, all human societies have and have always had disabled members. While the presence of such individuals is a constant, culturally shared responses to them vary greatly across time and social cont

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although a “minority‐group” model has emerged to challenge the traditional dominance of the “functional‐limitations” paradigm for the study of disability, research on attitudes toward disabled people has not produced a theoretical orientation that reflects these developments. This paper proposes a new conceptual framework, based on the fundamental values of personal appearance and individual autonomy, for assessing the “aesthetic” and “existential” anxiety aroused by persons with disabilities. Investigations using this perspective might contribute to determining the attitudinal foundations of the competing models that are dividing res

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article addresses the differing perceptions that disabled and nondisabled persons may have of what constitutes ‘“positive” attitudes and behaviors toward people with physical disabilities. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented to suggest that the strain that frequently occurs during interactions between disabled and nondisabled individuals may derive more from misunderstandings of one another's expectations than from negative intentions. Suggestions are made, methodologically, for ways that these areas of misunderstanding can be isolated empirically, and conceptually, for ways that information can be exchanged to correct these misunderstan

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper draws on depth interview data from an availability sample of 80 people with epilepsy to examine the moral experience of disability (cf. E. Goffman, 1959, “The Moral Career of the Mental Patient,”Psychiatry, 22, 123–135). This concept directs attention to how those who live in the social world of epilepsy, and of disability more generally, define themselves and others in both positive and negative ways. Most discussions of the moral aspects of disability turn on the concept of stigma, and epilepsy certainly is a prime area for such study. This paper, however, focuses on the consequences of disability for the distribution of work and responsibility in routine, everyday relationships and how, in turn, this affects the way people see, think about, and feel about themselves. Particular attention is given to family, parental, and employment relationships. The paper raises the question, If disability is a social construction and has such costs, how can we best construct it for all conc

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper treats time and space as two central perceptual categories that are disrupted when an older person confronts new vision loss. Qualitative research findings are presented, describing (1) the “invisible,” “unknowable,” and “hostile” relationships to objects and space often experienced by older persons with recent blindness; and (2) the consequent disruption of their previous ordering of time. Such challenges to these perceptual categories force newly blind older persons to question their ability to manipulate the environment and to participate in social relationships. Consequently, these perceptual disruptions make them vulnerable to both self‐imposed tentativeness and externally generated labeling processes that identify them a

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Goffman's (1963) theory of stigma holds that rejection by “normals” leads people with disabilities to adopt practices that help them to pass as normal or cover the immediate impact of their physical difference. However, such an attempt to mitigate the effects of stigma does not characterize the life histories of three adults with severe multiple congenital limb deficiences described in this paper. For them, self‐display, within the context of American culture in the 1980s, is a strategy for self‐empowerment in which the primary focus is the experience of the person with disabilities rather than the reactions of people who are “normal.” Their adaptations suggest some limitations to the applicability of Goffman's theory in a changing soc

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Within the past two decades there has been an increase in research studying the perspective of persons labeled as disabled, rather than relying solely on outsiders' (nonlabeled persons‘) perspectives about them. In this paper, a series of interviews with a small group of persons labeled as mentally retarded sought insights into their work environment, friendships, and future goals through their own words. The interviews revealed that they recognized being “different” in terms of the labels applied to them by others, but they did not use those same labels when defining themselves or choosing their close fr

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Professions that provide services to people with disabilities typically do so from a clinical perspective. Yet evidence on the exercise of clinical judgment raises a number of questions about its influence. Other factors such as economics, bureaucratic exigency, politics, service traditions, and societal prejudice may render reliance on clinical judgment little more than a mythology. This paper examines the status of clinical judgment in two areas of policy and practice, namely, placement of students in special education settings, and residential placements and programs for people with developmental disabilities.

ISSN:0022-4537    

DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY