摘要:

Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast (MCBs) are unusual neoplasms characterized by an admixture of glandular epithelial components, which frequently exhibit features of squamous differentiation, and mesenchymal malignant components. Regardless of the presence of myoepithelial features in MCB, no consensus concerning their putative histogenesis has yet been achieved. Recently, novel putative myoepithelial markers have been developed, including p63, maspin, and P-cadherin. We assessed the expression of these myoepithelial markers in MCBs and compared their expression with classic myoepithelial markers. Immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin–biotin–peroxidase complex technique with antibodies raised against p63, maspin, P-cadherin, actin (clones CGA7, 1A4 and HHF35), cytokeratin 14 (Ck14), and vimentin was performed on 16 MCBs (7 matrix-producing MCBs, 6 adenosquamous MCBs, and 3 MCBs with heterologous elements). In healthy breast lobules and ducts adjacent to the tumors, myoepithelial cells showed distinctive and consistent immunoreactivity for p63, maspin, P-cadherin, actin, S-100 protein, and Ck14. Matrix-producing MCBs were positive for maspin in all cases, for p63 in 4 of 7 cases, and for P-cadherin in 4 of 7 cases. Adenosquamous MCB showed immunoreactivity for p63, maspin, and P-cadherin in 5 of 6 cases. All novel myoepithelial markers and Ck14 decorated squamous cell islands. MCBs with heterologous elements were positive for p63 in 1 case, for maspin in all 3 cases, and for P-cadherin in 2 cases. All cases showed at least one of the novel myoepithelial markers. Eleven of 16 cases were positive for actin. Eleven of 14 cases reacted with Ck14, and all cases that stained for S-100 protein (9 of 9) and vimentin (13 of 13) were also positive. Based on our findings, the balance of probabilities favors that MCBs may have a basal or myoepithelial cell histogenesis and differentiation.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Unconstrained cell proliferation is characteristic of tumors. It is caused by the functional disorders of proteins that constitute the cell cycle mechanism. The cell cycle is controlled by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Many reports have proved, in cancers, that cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are out of control. Cyclin A is a protein that regulates critical transition of the cell cycle. The expression of cyclin A in meningiomas by immunohistochemical method was investigated. Furthermore, the correlation among cyclin A expression, clinical course, and proliferative potential were also evaluated. Seventy-seven meningiomas were studied. The mean cyclin A labeling indices were as follows: benign meningiomas, 1.01% ± 0.62%; atypical meningiomas, 4.23% ± 1.82%; and anaplastic meningiomas, 7.72% ± 0.88%. Analyses of variance showed that significant differences existed between tumor grades for cyclin A labeling indices. A linear positive correlation between the cyclin A labeling index and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index was observed. The multivariate analysis using Cox's hazards model showed a high cyclin A labeling index (>3%) was a significant risk factor for recurrence. A high Ki-67 labeling index (>5%) and high tumor grade (World Health Organization grade II, III) were also significant risk factors for recurrence. These results suggested that the evaluation of cyclin A expression in meningiomas provides significant clinical information, especially as an independent prognostic indicator.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Collagenous micronodules, also known as mucinous fibroplasia, are microscopic structures characterized by the presence of small eosinophilic nodules in areas immediately adjacent to prostatic glandular epithelium. The pathogenesis of collagenous micronodules is unknown, although their relation with mucin has been suggested. The objective of our study was to analyze the structural characteristics of collagenous micronodules by using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy to elucidate the pathogenesis of this lesion. We analyzed 15 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma (12 prostatectomy specimens and 3 biopsy specimens) with collagenous micronodules. The collagenous micronodules were closely associated with well-formed malignant glands, where tumor cells exhibited basophilic to amphophilic cytoplasm. Occasionally, intraluminal collagen fragments were observed within malignant but not benign glands. Collagenous micronodules were not associated with mucin, confirmed by negative stainings of mucicarmin or alcian blue in all the collagenous micronodules analyzed in this study. Therefore, the termmucinous fibroplasiamay not be accurate. Collagenous micronodules stained weakly positive for periodic acid-Schiff. Trichrome stain highlighted the presence of collagenous micronodules as distinct blue structures. Collagen IV and laminin immunostaining performed in 12 cases outlined the micronodules with minimal staining in the center. These findings indicated that collagenous micronodules consisted of predominantly collagen fragments admixed with basement membrane material. Ultrastructurally, they were composed of fragmented banded collagen fibrils surrounded by the basement membrane material. Collagenous micronodules are formed by subepithelial accumulations of fragmented collagen fibers, possibly related to the digestion by collagenase produced by prostatic adenocarcinoma cells.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Retinoblastoma protein plays an important role in controlling cell cycle progression. The active form of retinoblastoma protein binds to E2F-1 and inhibits transcription of S phase genes. Overexpression of E2F-1 has been suggested as an important factor in carcinogenesis. The Hurthle cell (HPCA) and Warthin-like (WLPCA) variants of papillary carcinoma are two closely related entities that arise in association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and share the presence of oxyphilic changes in the lining of epithelial cells and the presence of papillary nuclear features. The current study included formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 58 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma: 20 HPCA, 6 WLPCA, 22 conventional papillary carcinomas (PCA), and 10 follicular variants of papillary carcinoma (FVPCA). The immunohistochemical studies were performed for retinoblastoma (Rb-1) and E2F-1, (KH95) after heat-induced epitope retrieval. None of the PCA or FVPCA cases were in the positive range for Rb-1. All cases of HPCA and WLPCA of the thyroid showed reactivity in 50% or more of the nuclei in the neoplastic cell population. As for E2F-1, all cases of HPCA and WLPCA showed positive reactivity, whereas none of the PCA or FVPCA cases were in the positive range. In conclusion, HPCA and WLPCA are Rb-positive and E2F-1-positive; PCA and FVPCA are Rb-negative and E2F1-negative. Hurthle metaplastic epithelium in Hashimoto's thyroiditis is Rb-positive and E2F-1-negative. This phenotypic difference is also helpful in distinguishing hyperplastic Hurthle cell proliferation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis from HPCA or WLPCA.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We have recently shown thatMUC1,mapped to the chromosomal band 1q21, is rearranged or amplified in 15% of B-cell lymphomas and that rearrangement led to over-expression of MUC-1 mucin in a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To determine the incidence of MUC-1 mucin expression and its clinical significance in B-cell lymphomas, we investigated a panel of 113 cases by immunohistochemistry (IHC). MUC-1 mucin expression was detected in the majority of cases (92.9%), with moderate to high levels noted in 50.4% of all histologic subsets comprising DLBCL (82 cases), follicular lymphoma (FL) (15 cases), FL with transformation to DLBCL (4 cases), and other B-cell lymphomas (12 cases). No statistically significant correlation was found between MUC-1 mucin expression andMUC1genomic status (amplification/rearrangement) evaluated by Southern blot analysis, and 1q21 abnormality by karyotypic analysis. For all cases, MUC-1 mucin expression correlated with a previous history of lymphoma (p=0.003).

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Genomic amplifications of the long arm of chromosome 8q are frequently detected in a number of tumor types, including neoplasias of the urothelium. DNA level amplification and increased expression ofMYCat 8q24 is commonly associated with chromosomal gains in this region. Using a urothelial cancer tissue microarray, the authors investigated the 8q24 amplification on bladder tumors and metastases. High-copy 8q24 amplification was detected in 9% (12 of 131) of primary tumors and 33% (6 of 18) of distant metastases. Additionally, the authors investigated the expression profiles of two frequently used biomarkers, p53 and Ki67, on the same arrays that had been analyzed for the 8q24 amplification. 8q24 amplification was positively correlated with Ki67 protein expression (P< 0.005), whereas a similar correlation with p53 did not reach statistical significance (P= 0.19). The authors conclude that 8q24 amplification occurs in a small subgroup of primary bladder tumors and in a more significant group of distant metastases.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) gene family of cancer–testis antigens is expressed in certain malignant neoplasms and the testis, but not in other healthy tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of immunohistochemical staining with the 57B anti-MAGE-A4 mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) in testicular biopsy specimens from patients with nonobstructive azoospermia and obstructive azoospermia (OA). Fifty-four cases of Sertoli cell only (SCO), 30 cases of spermatocytic arrest, 15 cases of hypospermatogenesis, and 10 testicular biopsy specimens with OA (normal spermatogenesis) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the 57B MAb, which primarily recognizes the MAGE-A4 antigen in paraffinized tissues. The cells were quantitated by a computerized image analysis system. Testicular biopsy specimens with normal spermatogenesis exhibited strong nuclear and cytoplasmic MAGE-A4 staining of spermatogonia and weak staining of spermatocytes, but not spermatids or Sertoli or Leydig cells. No staining was detected in SCO cases. In five cases of SCO with focal spermatogenesis, spermatogonial cells that were initially missed by hematoxylin and eosin staining were detected by MAGE-A4 immunohistochemistry. Immunostaining with the 57B MAb greatly enhanced identification of spermatogonia in cases of spermatocytic arrest and hypospermatogenesis. The number of MAGE-A4-positive spermatogonia was significantly decreased in hypospermatogenesis, as opposed to the OA group (12.1 ± 4.3 and 30.3 ± 10.0, respectively). The number of MAGE-A4-positive primary spermatocytes was significantly increased in early maturation arrest, as compared with the OA group (48.2 ± 10.8 and 16.9 ± 9.8, respectively). The 57B anti-MAGE-A4 MAb is a useful marker for the detection and quantitation of spermatogonial germ cells. It also facilitates automated image analysis and provides greater accuracy in the histopathologic evaluation of testicular biopsy specimens.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The sensitivity and specificity of detecting metastatic breast carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes using a rapid immunohistochemistry technique was determined and compared with methods currently used at the authors' institution. At the time of intraoperative consultation, after routine diagnostic touch preparations and frozen sections were prepared, 6-&mgr;m frozen sections of 72 sentinel lymph nodes from 32 patients with breast carcinoma were placed on plus slides, fixed in cold acetone for 2 or 3 minutes, and stored at −70°C. These sections were immunostained with a prediluted broad-spectrum anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody coupled to an inert polymer with horseradish peroxidase (DAKO EPOS). Slides were ready for interpretation within 16 minutes and were scored as positive, negative, or equivocal for metastatic carcinoma. Results were compared with those of the intraoperative touch preparations and frozen sections and with paraffin-embedded, hematoxylin and eosin–stained, and AE1/AE3 immunostained permanent sections. Fourteen (19%) sentinel lymph nodes were positive for metastatic carcinoma in 13 patients. All methods tested were 100% specific. The rapid immunohistochemistry method was the least sensitive (57% sensitivity) of all methods used to detect metastasis. Routine diagnostic touch preparations, frozen sections, and permanent sections had sensitivities of 69%, 86%, and 100% respectively. In conclusion, this rapid immunohistochemistry method would not be helpful in intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients due to its low sensitivity.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The presence of c-Kit immunoreactivity in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), currently guides treatment with the selective c-Kit inhibitor STI571 (or Gleevec) in clinical trials and establishes a precedent of immunohistochemistry-guided treatment decisions. Thus, the optimization of detection conditions for c-Kit and the determination of its incidence in other malignancies have clinical bearing. Aims of our study were: 1) to determine the incidence of c-Kit expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) in pulmonary small cell carcinoma (SCC) and non small cell carcinoma (NSCC), pulmonary carcinoid, and malignant mesothelioma (MM); and 2) to test the feasibility of c-Kit determination using commercially available antibodies and routine immunohistochemical settings, comparing the performance of two commercially available antibodies, Dako and Santa Cruz. The Dako antibody detected positive stain in 10/22 SCC, 3/8 carcinoids, 1/57 NSCC (1/30 adenocarcinomas, 0/24 squamous cell carcinomas, 0/3 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas), and 7/33 MM. The Santa Cruz antibody detected c-kit in 8/22 SCC, 0/57 NSCC, 1/8 carcinoids, and 0/33 MM. HIER increased the performance of both antibodies. We conclude that c-Kit can routinely be detected in FFPE tissue with commercially available antibodies, and that the Dako anti-c-Kit has a higher sensitivity than the Santa Cruz antibody. C-Kit expression is common in SCC and carcinoids, very rare in NSCC, and infrequent in MM. The frequent c-Kit expression in SCC highlights that this molecule plays an important role in the biology of this malignancy, and that it could be targeted in subsets of patients for therapy with c-Kit inhibitors.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Immunohistochemical staining for KIT (CD117) was performed on 144 cases of soft tissue sarcoma and 11 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Diffuse global staining in almost all neoplastic cells was a consistent feature of GIST but was also seen in some types of soft tissue sarcoma that resemble GISTs morphologically, such as synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. This finding is of diagnostic importance because some of these sarcoma types may involve the intestinal wall and simulate primary GIST. Most other positive cases showed focal staining. Although focal positivity may not be a problem in resected specimens, it has the potential to be misleading in biopsy material. Our results are concordant with some reports of CD117 expression in soft tissue tumors, but they differ from those reported by other laboratories. This discrepancy in the literature may be the result of variation in antibodies used or variation in immunohistochemical staining protocol. Regardless of the technical or scientific explanation, an understanding of the difficulties with KIT immunostaining is critical. Not only is KIT positivity used as a prerequisite for the diagnosis of GISTs, but treatment eligibility for STI571 in patients with GIST, and increasingly with other tumors, relies on positive KIT immunostaining.

ISSN:1541-2016    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID