摘要:

This paper describes some Tiwi conceptions of death, linking an important myth of the origins of death to an interpretation of the dynamics of Tiwi mourning. It argues that one part of the myth describes the psychological dangers of human responses to loss, in particular the dangers of destructive rage and self‐destructive withdrawal, suicide. The mourning ceremonies facilitate the overcoming of these dangers and the re‐integration of the individual into collective life in the course of a drawn‐out process, a patterned dramatization of reactions to grief in collective action. The collective process of mourning is central to processes of psychological and social integration in Tiwi life. The paper then discusses a case of pathological mourning which led to the suicide of a young man, and sketches the impact of this death on a number of the younger male kinsmen of the deceased. The suicide was followed by a number of suicide attempts by these men. These attempts can be seen partly as manifestations of individuals' conflict with their surroundings, but also as manifestations of the collective process of adjustment to the death, in a sense as the culmination of the history of mourning in a family‐group extending over more than twenty years. In conclusion, the paper briefly summarizes recent changes in Tiwi social life which have contributed to the precariousness of integration of young men, and to the emergence of the historically new pathological forms implied by the contemporary rise in the number of instances of

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02353.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anthropologists have come to recognize that in addition to the prevalence of egalitarian relations, many New Guinea societies also exhibit elements of hierarchy as well. This article discusses the nature of hierarchy in some Sepik societies through the comparative analysis of the social structure of four Sepik area societies on the northeast coast of Papua New Guinea. Using Sahlins' definition of ‘heroic societies’ based upon a principle of ‘hierarchical solidarity’, the article argues that the form of hierarchy found in Manam Island society is different in type from that of the neighboring societies of Boroi, Murik and Wogeo. An additional diagnostic feature of heroic societies is what Sahlins refers to as ‘heroic history. In Manam the cultural form this takes is a ‘heroic’ variation of the myth of two brothers common throug

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02354.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is proposed, through an examination of published materials on the Orokaiva, that established and even competing models and concepts of ‘kinship’ and marriage (generalized and direct exchange, agnatic descent, clan, balanced reciprocity) have little or no explanatory power since they either do not fit the published facts or they predict the same results, despite published assertions to the contrary. An hypothesis linking relationship terminology, marriage ‘systems’ and land use is proposed. Some features in the ‘system’ of ‘kinship’ terminology appear to be expressive of the ideology of gardening rather than ‘kinship’

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02355.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Maisin women of northeastern Papua New Guinea are among the last coastal Papuans to tattoo their faces. This article first describes the techniques and social process of Maisin tattooing. We then examine the resilience of the custom in light of changes in puberty rites and notions of gender. We argue that these contexts have lost their cultural salience as a result of the Maisins' incorporation into the larger Papua New Guinea society. Tattooing has acquired new significance as a marker of cultural identity in a multicultural setting and as a sign of the Maisin people's commercial success as makers of indigenous art.

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02356.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02357.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02358.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tahiti, les Temps et les Pouvoirs: Pour une Anthropologic Historique du Tahiti Post‐Européen. ByJean‐François Baré.Paris: ORSTOM. 1987. Pp. 543. Price

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02362.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contribution Française à la Connaissance Géographique des ‘Mers du Sud’: Bibliographie des Principaux Travaux Scientifiques Français Traitant des Océans Pacifique et Indien, des Mers Australes et de leurs Îles. ByFrançois Doumenge, Alain Heutz de Lemps and Odile Chapuis.Talence, France: CEGET/CRET. 1

ISSN:0029-8077    

DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1990.tb02364.x

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY