摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between an observer's familiarity with the normal, truthful communicative behavior of an individual, and the observer's ability to detect deception on the part of that individual. Specifically, an attempt was made to provide an experimental test of the degree of linearity between familiarity and judgmental accuracy in detecting deception. After exposure to varying amounts of a communicator's normal, truthful behavior (baseline segment), observers made judgments of a communicator's veracity following observation of truthful or lying behavior (test segment). The results indicate a significant deviation from linearity in the relationship between familiarity and judgmental accuracy, and that the relationship is better described by an inverted parabolic curve (quadratic function). The possibility of information overload, the possibility of communicator‐specific characteristics which provide clues to deception, and the possibility of observer fatigue were proposed as possible explanations of these result

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research generally has indicated that within modern societies opinion leaders tend to function within single‐topic areas, whereas, within traditional societies, opinion leaders tend to function across multiple‐topic areas. Results conflicting with this general pattern have been obtained by several researchers. The present study was based on the speculation that these discrepant findings could be explained by the nature of the communication system in which the subjects function (varying from relatively open to relatively closed), regardless of the general society surrounding the communication system. The results of the study found a high degree of association between monomor‐phic and polymorphic opinion leadership within a relatively closed communication system in a modern society. Supplementary findings indicated moderately high association between both innovativeness and communication apprehension and polymorphic opinion leadership. Much lower relationships between monomorphic opinion leadership and these variables were obs

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study extended the investigation of gender differences in two communication variables, self‐disclosure and communication apprehension, by shifting the conceptual focus from the biological sex dichotomy to the more discriminating psychological sex‐role designations: masculine, feminine, and androgynous. Using the Bern Sex‐Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measure of psychological sex type, the study showed that psychological sex type is superior to biological sex categories in identifying patterns of self‐reported self‐disclosure and communication apprehension. A number of hypotheses were considered with regard to total disclosure to same‐sex friend or opposite‐sex friend, and communication

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three models describing the structure of talk and silence sequences within and across conversations presented in a previous report (Cappella, 1979) are tested. The Markov model, describing talk and silence sequences within a conversation, is found to be a valid representation on a dyad‐by‐dyad basis. The Independent Decision (ID) model shows some predictive validity between conversations, although its “fit” within the conversation is less than the Markov model. The Incremental model in relaxing the consistency‐across‐conversation assumption of the ID model finds differences due to switching of partners in the probability of breaking or continuing mutual silences and in the probability of continuing to hold the floor. The implication for deriving dyadic interaction patterns from individual interaction styles a

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study of communication apprehension (CA) impact in the instructional environment is extended through examination of all three CA levels relative to various performance situations in a basic communication course. Results indicate significant differences in achievement indices between all three CA groups on final course grade and the first two of four performance assignments. Moderate and high CA groups were not significantly different from each other on the third and fourth performance tasks. Low and high CA groups were significantly different in all performance areas. No differences were indicated between CA groups on the final examination. Results are discussed relative to the naturalistic nature of the study.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Multidimensional attitude change models propose that (1) stimuli defining the domain of attitudes may consist of a multidimensional rather than unidimensional pattern; (2) stimuli associated with each other in the persuasion process will converge with each other in the multidimensional attitude domain. These two propositions receive clear support from three of the hypotheses tested in four‐panel cohort data, which analyses show to be multidimensional. The sources of a persuasive message converge on the position they advocate. Multiple sources converge on each other. The findings provided partial support for two other hypotheses on the convergence of self‐concept with advocated position and with sources of a persuasive message. A final, somewhat tangential hypothesis also receives clear support: existential associations of concepts are more effective than hortatory associations. These results support further development of multidimensional attitude change mod

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the efficiency of communication between children from different social‐class backgrounds. Eight same‐sex pairs of fifth graders—half boys and half girls—were formed into dyadic groupings by combining lower‐ and middle‐SES children into the four possible speaker‐listener combinations. Task success depended on the efficiency of the verbal communication between the pair. The listener was allowed to give feedback in one condition and not allowed to speak in the other condition. Significant SES‐combination effects in communication efficiency were typically not found. Unexpected sex main effects showed general superiority of the girls in both conditions. The results suggest that lower‐SES children's relative ability to communicate is highly dependent on the n

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that the French and English Canadians, due to their unique cultural backgrounds, differ in their perceptions of and satisfaction with the nature of the organizational communication system under which they operate. The study was conducted in a large community general hospital. A total of 977 or 65.9 percent of the employees (of the 1,483 employees asked to complete the questionnaire) responded. The study revealed that Anglophcne employees consistently showed lower levels of satisfaction then the Francophone employees with the various aspects of the communication system that were investigated in this study. It was suggested that consistency of response to communications perhaps stems from the differing cultural values of the two groups of employees. Implications of these results were discussed.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three studies are reported that examine the social desirability and fakability (transparency) of a number of self‐report measures of social‐communicative anxiety. Results indicate that social desirability, assessed as a personality dimension, is generally unrelated to measures of social and communicative anxiety. However, virtually all measures of the anxiety were transparently fakable. When asked to portray themselves positively, subjects consistently responded as low‐anxious; when asked to look undesirable, subjects completed the measures to suggest high an

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY