摘要:

This study examined two factors—affirming/nonaffirming style and dyad sex—to determine if they influence perceptions of verbal aggression and argumentation behavior in an interpersonal dispute. Participants read a play script that contained messages exchanged between two individuals engaged in a conflict episode. All statements were argumentative in nature (i.e., they attacked the adversary's position on an issue) except for some statements that contained verbal aggression (i.e., they attacked the adversary's self‐concept). The individuals communicated with either an affirming (relaxed, friendly, attentive) or a nonaffirming (tense, unfriendly, inattentive) style. The sex of the dyad (all male, all female) was also manipulated. Fewer mistakes were made in the perception of verbal aggression in the conflict when the individuals communicated with an affirming rather than a nonaffirming style. More verbally aggressive but less argumentative conduct was perceived when the individuals communicated with a nonaffirming style. Participants perceived more verbally aggressive behavior than actually existed when the dyad composition was f

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attachment‐theory principles suggest that those with different attachment styles will react to nonverbal involvement change in a manner consistent with their approach/avoidance orientations and mental working models of self and others. It was hypothesized that preoccupieds initially reciprocate increases in involvement, but compensate for decreases, whereas dismissives initially compensate for increases in involvement, but reciprocate decreases. A second hypothesis predicted that over time interactants reciprocate both increases and decreases in nonverbal involvement. Partners in enduring romantic relationships participated in two separate conversations. Between conversations, one member of each dyad was enlisted as a confederate who increased or decreased nonverbal immediacy and positive affect in the second conversation. Results indicated that, regardless of attachment style, targets reciprocated confederate behavior in the increase‐involvement condition and displayed behavior indicative of both compensation and reciprocity in the decrease‐involvement condition. However, preoccupieds showed the strongest pattern of reciprocating increases in involvement and compensating for decreases in involvement. Results also demonstrated a pull toward reciprocity over time. Findings are interpreted in light of the bidimensional model of distancing and interaction adaptation theory, with results most supportive of the latter t

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The attributional implications of prosecutors’and defense attorneys’language strategies were investigated, using the protocols of the historical Nuremberg trials. Statements from both perspectives about four German Nazi generals were coded at the sentence level with regard to three aspects: the reference of the sentence subject to the defendant (specific vs. diffuse), the linguistic category of the sentence predicate (action verbs, state verbs, adjectives), and the evaluative tone of the utterance (negative, neutral, positive). Distinct language patterns were demonstrated for the opposing parties, reflecting theoretical predictions about the attributional implications of specific linguistic tools. Apart from the fact that the same defendant's behavior was described in more positive terms by defense attorneys than prosecutors, the two sides used a number of less obtrusive, more subtle strategies. In particular, defense attorneys tended to raise positive defendant attributes to a higher level of linguistic abstractness, avoided direct person references for negative statements, and projected unavoidable negative statements onto the prosecution. In contrast, prosecutors produced the highest rate of action verbs, which implicitly suggest internal attributions of responsibility. In addition to direct negative references to the individual defendant, they also used global references to the defendant's Nazi in‐group to convey the inherently negative meaning of the defendant's behavior. In general, these findings mirror previous results on the role of language in interpersonal and intergroup set

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study develops a framework to examine the communication goals of interacting partners and how these affect media choice. The study hypothesizes that in communication situations when the relational dimension of communication goals is competitive, relational control would affect media choice. Personal interviews were conducted among a nonrandom sample of 70 persons. The respondents were presented with different communication situations and asked if and why they would select one mode of communication over another. A content analysis of the responses supported the main argument of the study that in situations of relational competitiveness relational control would be a significant factor affecting media choice.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The lack of conceptual frameworks available for integrating research on organizational computer‐based communication technologies is documented. An integrated model for studying communication support phenomena in organizations is formalized from a knowledge management perspective using set‐theoretic notation. Key constructs for understanding and exploring communication support systems are identified, such as knowledge workers, knowledge management activities, communicate‐abilities, and knowledge management episodes. The implications associated with the identification and formalization of each of the foregoing constructs is discussed and further research avenues are explored. The model provides researchers and system developers with a means of studying both human and computer‐based knowledge workers in organizations. Two types of communication support systems are

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY