摘要:

Proxemics literature is synthesized and placed in a theoretical framework based on norms and expectations. Two major and three subordinate propositions are supported, and a model for predicting effects of violations of proxemic expectations is advanced. A sample of hypotheses generated from the model is included.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Theoretical formulations concerning the relationship of nonverbal behavior to the social penetration processes, i.e., the development of interpersonal relations (Altman&Taylor, 1973) were examined via acted, videotaped conversations in which subjects role played good friends (GF) or casual acquaintances (CA) discussing intimate (I) or nonintimate (NI) topics. The methodological approach adopted for this study was unique in three ways. First, patterns of nonverbal behavior rather than single behaviors were the primary units of analysis. Second, data were collected during dynamic, ongoing conversations rather than from static poses or photographs. Finally, the use of a repeated measures design permitted evaluation of the importance of individual differences. Pattern analyses generally confirmed predictions: the GF by NI cell was characterized by nonverbal behavior patterns indicative of relaxation, while tense behavior patterns occurred in the CA by I cell.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the development and preliminary studies of a test of the ability to decode affect in others. Items are videotaped sequences showing spontaneous unposed facial expressions and gestures of college student “senders” to emotionally‐loaded color slides. Subjects make judgments about what kind of slide elicited the affect and how pleasant or unpleasant the sender's subjective response was. Satisfactory test‐retest reliability was demonstrated for the former kind of judgment but not the latter. There was evidence that females are slightly better receivers than males, and business and fine arts majors are relatively good receivers while science majors are relative

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mechanisms through which an indirect response to a question counts as a direct answer to that question can fruitfully be regarded as a process in which the listener supplies, constructs, infers, or is reminded of such statements as will (together with the indirect response itself) allow the inference of a plausible direct answer. This analysis presents seven rules of conversational interpretation, and likens conversational logic to the enthymeme. It also supports a widely asserted characteristic of conversation in general: that participants expect each other to cooperate in making utterances “make sense

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates the underlying dimensions of figurativeness and literalness in descriptive language. While theoretic models argue for a continuous relationship between figurative and literal language, empirical research tends to treat these categories as dichotomous. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering analyses were applied to data provided by a free sort task. Results suggest that the figurative/literal dimension of language is not dichotomous; rather, the dimension appears to be continuous as theoretic models suggest. Further, the literal/figurative dimension does not appear to be a salient dimension in terms of decoders' processes for handling a variety of descriptive terms.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of 119 children (mean ages 6.2, 8.2, 10.1, and 12.3) to perform rule learning and subsequent transfer tasks was observed utilizing three experimental conditions: overt‐verbal, covert‐verbal, and control. The performance of the subjects suggests that the child who is forced to verbalize his conceptual strategies will reach criterion faster in the rule acquisition task, and will also be more successful in his attempts to transfer the acquired rule. With regard to the transfer tasks specifically, it was found that overt‐verbal learning was significantly more effective than covert‐learning, and that the covert‐verbal condition yielded significantly higher scores than did the control condition. These results point to the effectiveness of verbal strategies in the acquisition and transfer of

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty‐eight experiments published in 1973 and 1974 in theJournal of Communication, Speech Monographs, andHuman Communication Researchwere analyzed. It was concluded that: reports of communication experimentation rarely provide sufficient information to allow critical evaluation of crucial aspects of validity: the validity of communication experimentation may be severely limited by the nature of subjects studied and by failures to eliminate, account for, or acknowledge experimental reactivit

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY