摘要:

Three general models of the relationship between television viewing and aggressiveness are described: the Facilitation Model, featuring learning or legitimization of aggression from television violence; the Catharsis Model, or the reduction of innate aggressive drives through vicarious participation in television violence; and the Arousal Model, which considers television programming as an agent of arousal, generating a drive toward activity, with the nature of the activity determined by situational factors. The Arousal Model is further discriminated into an Emotional Arousal Model, in which the agent of arousal is emotional reaction to violent content, and the Form Arousal Model, in which arousal is a result of the cognitive effort involved in decoding programming. The Facilitation, Catharsis, and Form Arousal Models are contrasted on a sample of 597 adolescents. The results indicate independent Facilitation and Form Arousal processes occur. A rather startling result is the finding that levels of aggressiveness can be predicted as well by examining only the form of programming as they can by examining only the violent content. Age and sex differences are associated with different strengths of Facilitation and/or Form Arousal effects, indicating possible socialization or maturation processes affecting the response of adolescents to programming.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study explores the cognitive dimensions used by children in differentiating among television characters. By linking content‐free judgments of the differences among television characters with content attributes suggested by prior research, a four‐dimensional mapping is identified. This cognitive mapping is virtually identical for children at three different ages. Further, dimensions identified are strong predictors of the children's desires to model the social behaviors of the TV characters. The dimensions identified and discussed include those of humor, attractiveness, strength, and activity. The findings also indicate that young boys and girls use the same dimensions in markedly different w

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The assumption underlying this research is that effectiveness in communication involves social perception processes. Specifically, it was predicted that effectiveness in adapting persuasive messages to recipients would be related to the complexity of the interpersonal construct system (cognitive complexity) and to the ability to represent the perspectives of others (social perspective‐taking). Fifty‐eight children ranging from second through ninth grade engaged in tasks yielding scores on the three variables under consideration. Both predictions were confirmed: effectiveness in adapting persuasive communications correlated .53 with cognitive complexity and .64 with social perspective‐t

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated role‐taking and referential communication abilities in children. The effects of age, sex, and IQ on both abilities were tested, and the effect of age of receiver on referential communication ability was also examined. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to determine how well the independent variables predict the measures of role‐taking and referential communication. Finally, the relationship between role‐taking and referential communication was assessed. The participants were 32 first‐graders and 32 third‐graders. At each grade level, there were equal numbers of boys and girls. Age was found to affect performance on role‐taking and communication tasks. Both sex of the child and IQ were found to affect referential communication performance. The relationship between role‐taking and referential communication abilities was low. Interpretation of significant results is given, and testing procedures

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A self‐report instrument (PVB), designed to measure Predispositions toward Verbal Behavior, was found to have acceptable internal reliability, content validity, moderate construct validity, and strong criterion‐related validity. Subjects were found to have a generalized cognitive orientation toward their speech patterning that correlated positively with number of words and duration of talk in both highly‐structured interviews and unstructured discussion situa

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Language and gestures define the involvement of low‐status groups with authorities either as joint participation in policymaking or as conflict. Policies that seriously deprive non‐elites are often politicized, encouraging the perception that all affected by them participated in their formulation. This perception is problematic and often misleading, for formal decision‐making procedures chiefly reflect extant inequalities in the ability of participants to achieve their values and to influence public opinion. It is those who can exercise influence outside the context of formal proceedings who wield real power; but formal proceedings remain vital rituals, for they symbolize participation and democracy and so marshal public support and compliance. The poor lack the informal sanctions and other resources that confer influence, with the important exception that they can create disorder and thereby threaten elites; but in becoming politicized they renounce that political w

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A multiple discriminant analysis was used to compare the job satisfaction of inside and outside bank tellers with respect to pay and promotion policies, supervision, nature of work, and co‐workers. Significant differences between inside and outside tellers were found on these variables, with inside tellers expressing greater job satisfaction. It was concluded that isolation of employees from routine communication contacts with other personnel may be detrimental to employee moral

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the relationships between selected context variables and empathic ability. The specific purpose was to determine the relative strengths of association between intimacy, status difference, trust, and empathic ability. A correlational analysis was applied to the data collected from 29 pairs of supervisors and subordinates in a Denver financial organization. Results indicated that trust was the context variable most strongly associated with empathic ability. Intimacy and status difference were only slightly related to empathic ability. Discussion centered on the implications of the inverse relationship between trust and empathic ability.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY