摘要:

Eye gaze avoidance is examined in relation to the occurrence of turn‐taking, vocalized pauses, sentence changes, repetitions, “you know,”“like,” sentence fragments, simple sentences, and complex sentences. The results provide support for the hypothesis that people avoid eye gaze when experiencing difficulty in encoding. This finding is discussed in relation to previous research and possible implications for the study of interpersonal comm

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The investigation explored the relationships between child and adolescent television use motivations and various sociodemographic characteristics, television viewing levels, program preference, and television attitudes. Six viewing motivations were identified: learning, passing time or habit, companionship, escape or forget, arousal, and relaxation. Age was the only demographic correlate of most of these functions. All viewing motivations correlated positively with television viewing levels, medium attachment, and perceived content reality. However, when age and level of viewing were partialed out, habitual viewing was no longer found to correlate with perceived reality. Several significant associations between viewing motivations and program preference were also noted. Arousal viewers preferred dramatic programs, while habitual, escapist, and companionship viewers favored comedies. Habitual viewers also shunned news and public affairs programs. Implications of the findings were discussed within the conceptual rubric of the uses of gratifications research perspective.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A theory of cognitive switching is presented which was developed from human performance literature and signaled stopping research. The purpose of the study was to validate the basic constructs of the theory and to present data which display behavioral traces of the ways people organize television news into their information‐processing system during the actual reception of the messages. The findings suggest (1) that people cognitively switch for four basic reasons (functions) to: agree, disagree, think, and question; and (2) that people exhibit similar cognitive switching behaviors in similar information‐processing situations, even though the content of the stimulus changes. Limitations of this type of research are discussed and implications for further study are sugges

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study brings to light evidence on the benefits of a methodology for evaluation of organizational communication processes and outcomes—the ICA Communication Audit. The audit procedure was developed and tested by ICA (International Communication Association) Division IV, between 1974–1974. Sixteen field tests of the audit have been conducted from 1974–1977. This study undertook an “after” survey of the 16 audited organizations to determine the degree to which the audit was perceived to improve organizational communication effectiveness as well as overall organizational effectiveness. The findings confirmed the ICA Communication Audit as a valid diagnostic methodology and organization development intervention technique which improved both communication awareness and processes in a majority of audited orga

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the communication concerns of prospective, student, and inservice teachers and (2) to determine differences in the concerns of the three groups with regard to a three‐phase conceptualization: concern with self, task, and impact. Findings were that: (1) prospective teachers expressed more self than task or impact concerns, (2) student teachers expressed more task than impact concerns, (3) inservice teachers expressed more impact than self or task concerns, and (4) prospective teachers expressed more self concerns than student or inservice teachers, student teachers expressed more task concerns than prospective or inservice teachers, and inservice teachers expressed more impact concerns than prospective or student teacher

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attributional confidence, either in retroactive explanations of behavior or in proactive predictions of behavior, is discussed as a way of operationalizing uncertainty. Instruments for assessing attributional confidence either through the proactive mode or through the retroactive mode are constructed, and reliability and validity evidence are presented. Hypotheses derived from the axioms of uncertainty reduction theory are tested. Attributional confidence may be one way of making the nominal construct of uncertainty subject to direct testing.

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A grammar of conversation was developed using three units of analysis: talk acts, turns at talk, and topic sequences. Statements, questions, agreements, and disagreements were used as categories of talk acts. Rules were stipulated covering the use of the four kinds of talk acts. From the rules and the definitions of the units of analysis, propositions were derived about the probable location of categories of talk acts in turns and sequences. Theorems and hypotheses were deduced from these propositions. Empirical tests of each of the 16 hypotheses were conducted on transcripts of police‐civilian telephone calls, husband‐wife decision‐making sessions, and selected Watergate transcripts. of 48 possible tests, four could not be made due to lack of data. Forty‐three of the remaining 44 were statistically significant. However, 16 tests showed marginal or poor power levels. The data tended to indicate that knowledge of the grammar of conversation permitted significantly better prediction of the occurrence of acts than would be expected by chance. Further, the grammar also predicted adequately for three diverse social and interpersonal sit

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the past two decades the network of communication researchers known informally as the “Palo Alto Group” has published several hundred articles and more than 20 books on what has been variously termed the “New Communication” and the “Interactional View.” The work of this group, however, has been largely neglected in human communication research. The objectives of this essay are: (1) to summarize the theoretical and epistemological bases of the Interactional View, noting the pragmatic instances for which this framework is invoked as explanation and justification; (2) to introduce some of the conceptual and methodological difficulties which need be addressed in formulating appropriate research; and (3) to suggest several general and specific directions for research in human co

ISSN:0360-3989    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1979.tb00632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY