ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using alternative fuels to reduce air pollution has received considerable interest lately. Recently, the Denver metropolitan area initiated a program requiring the use of oxygenated fuels so as to reduce carbon monoxide air pollution. This paper documents the environmental and economic impacts of the first year of the Denver program. In addition, it compares the costs of using oxygenated fuels with those of other policies that could be implemented so as to reduce carbon monoxide air pollution.

ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Continuing concerns over air quality have prompted calls for governmental targeting of alternative fuels. This paper uses methanol targeting as an example to address the role for public policy in terms of underlying theory and policy options. The paper shows that mandates promoting a transition to alternative fuels are inferior to other policy alternatives. It proposes market‐based alternatives instea

ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In July 1989, the Bush administration proposed a new, dramatic approach to constructing clean air legislation. In particular, the Bush proposal calls for using alternative fuels as an important component to reducing urban ozone and carbon monoxide. This paper summarizes the Bush proposal, looks briefly at other options to reduce urban air pollution, and empirically evaluates the cost effectiveness of alternative fuels as an air pollution control strategy. The paper finds that the cost per ton of emissions reduced–the measure of cost effectiveness–varies dramatically as the price of gasoline vis a vis the price of the alternative fuel changes. For this reason, the authors believe that new clean air legislation should allow for great flexibility so as to allow states to incorporate alternative fuels when they are cost effective. If oil prices turn out to be lower than expected, then forcing urban centers to adopt relatively more expensive alternative fuels would impose high co

ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The proportion of children living in single‐parent households has risen dramatically during the past two decades. Approximately half of these children live in poverty. A major factor in this impoverishment is non‐custodial parents'failure to provide child support. Much is known about child support behavior from the custodial parent's perspective, but little research has focused on the noncustodial parent's perspective. The Survey of Absent Parents (SOAP) was initiated to remedy this gap. This paper describes the results of the SOAP pilot survey of linked custodial and non‐custodial parents in three counties in Florida and three counties in Ohio. It reports the results of multivariate analyses of the predictors of (i) child support award levels, (ii) child support payments as reported by custodial and non‐custodial parents, and (Hi) compliance with child support awards as reported by custodial and non‐custodial parents. The results indicate that custodial and non‐custodial parents have very different perspectives on how much child support is paid. The main factors predicting payments across these two populations are (i) the non‐custodial parent's situation measured by his current income and marital status, (ii) the custodial parent's situation measured by her current income–excluding child support payments–and marital status, (Hi) program interventions such as formulas used to set award levels, payment through the court, and wage withholding, and (iv) the warmth of the relationships between the former partners and between the fat

ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research has found that child support receipts deter mothers' labor supply less than does other non‐wage income. This paper argues that because child support is a variable income source, actual receipts may differ from unobservable permanent receipts on which hours worked are based. This introduces an errors‐in‐variables bias causing the estimated income effect of child support on hours worked to be biased toward zero. When one replaces actual receipts with predicted permanent receipts, such income effect is found to be statistically indistinguishable from that of other non‐wage

ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since the late 1970s, the proportion of all single‐parent families receiving benefits from the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program has been declining. This is reversing an earlier two‐decade trend. This paper uses data from the Current Population Survey so as to investigate the reasons for the decline. The analysis reveals that for the years prior to 1981, the decline has resulted both from an erosion in real AFDC guarantee levels–caused by high rates of inflation–and from changes in demographic conditions. For the years subsequent to 1981, the decline has resulted from an increase in effective AFDC benefit reduction rates caused by the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981. Somewhat offsetting the participation rate decline were falling real child support collections and a rising unemployme

ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Non‐compliance with child support orders is separated into absent fathers who pay none of their obligation and those who make partial payments. This paper reports policy findings from an updated empirical study of those paying nothing. Such findings support better payment performance when the collection/ expenditure ratio is greater in a state's Child Support Enforcement Program. The paper argues that the customary approach, which combines partial payers and full payers of support, leads to misleading policy conclusions. It reports an empirical study breaking out the partial payer group and finds the impact of several policy variables to be reduced greatly for this grou

ISSN:1074-3529    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY