ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261911

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261912

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An overview of the basic ideas of articulatory phonology is presented, along with selected examples of phonological patterning for which the approach seems to provide a particularly insightful account. In articulatory phonology, the basic units of phonological contrast are gestures, which are also abstract characterizations of articulatory events, each with an intrinsic time or duration. Utterances are modeled as organized patterns (constellations) of gestures, in which gestural units may overlap in time. The phonological structures defined in this way provide a set of articulatorily based natural classes. Moreover, the patterns of overlapping organization can be used to specify important aspects of the phonological structure of particular languages, and to account, in a coherent and general way, for a variety of different types of phonological variation. Such variation includes allophonic variation and fluent speech alternations, as well as ‘coarticulation’ and speech errors. Finally, it is suggested that the gestural approach clarifies our understanding of phonological development, by positing that prelinguistic units of action are harnessed into (gestural) phonological structures through differentiation and coordinat

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261913

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper addresses Browman and Goldstein’s claim that articulatory phonology is as adequate for capturing lexical contrasts and phonological patterns as it is for modeling articulator movements in speech production. It points out several respects in which articulatory phonology fails to express well-established phonological generalizations, such as the discrete nature of lexical contrasts and the hierarchical organization of features. It suggests than in some of these, at least, articulatory phonology could be revised in the direction of closer integration with phonological models without sacrificing its ability to account for phonetic data. Other problems may go deeper, reflecting Browman and Goldstein’s emphasis upon motor rather than cognitive aspects of phonological organization. However, they have offered strong support for the view that phonological and phonetic representations may be essentially congruent in struct

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261914

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261915

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261916

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The importance of overlapping coordinated gestures in achieving the auditory goals of speech is considered. Articulatory synthesis can help our understanding of the coordination problems and the variety of solutions found by real speakers. The time required to perform specific essential gestures, such as abduction-adduction of the vocal folds for fricatives, imposes strong timing constraints. In different speech sequences different articulators act as the duration-determining factor (DDF). Timing variability needs to be modelled also. Further experimentation is needed to determine whether increased speaking rate more nearly retains constant phase or constant absolute durational separation of articulatory events and whether or not some gestures can disappear under the relaxed auditory criteria of a casual style of speech. Two examples are presented, from the Leeds articulatory modelling, of the ways in which the phonological system of the language interacts with the processes and constraints of the speech production system to yield context-dependent variation for individual phonemes.

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261917

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261918

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261919

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000261920

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger