ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260009

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260010

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Existing models of speech production and coarticulation have failed to account for observations of real speech because they have considered timing to be a by-product of articulatory events instead of an integral organizing parameter of the speech motor plan. The model offered here considers time and timing relationships to be intrinsic to speech motor organization and the units of speech to be inherently dynamic gestures rather than static vocal tract configurations or invariant commands to the articulators.

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260011

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Most work on speech motor control has been devoted to the spatial and temporal coordination of articulatory movements for successive units, segments or syllables, in the speech chain. An intrasegmental temporal domain has generally been lacking in speech production models, but such a domain is necessary at least for certain classes of speech sounds, e.g., voiceless obstruents, clicks, ejectives. The present paper examines the nature of laryngeal-oral coordination in voiceless obstruent production in different languages using the combined techniques of electromyography, transillumination and fiberoptic filming of the larynx together with aerodynamic and palatographic records for information on supralaryngeal articulations. The results suggest that laryngeal articulatory movements are organized in one or more continuous opening and closing gestures that are precisely coordinated with supralaryngeal events according to the aerodynamic requirements of speech production.

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260012

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A comparison of the literatures on coarticulatory influences of a stressed vowel on consonants and unstressed vowels and on ‘compensatory shortening’ of stressed vowels in the contexts of consonants and unstressed vowels suggests that the two timing effects may be related. An experiment was conducted to provide an explicit comparison and to test a hypothesis that compensatory shortening aand coarticulation are not separate timing phenomena. The two timing effects were found to pattern very similarly and both to be predicted by Lindblom and Rapp’s compensatory shortening formula. 5 of 6 subjects showed significant correlations between coarticulation and short

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260013

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This research attempts to define the temporal extent of anticipatory labial coarticulation and the effect on rounding onset of a stressed nonround vowel located temporally prior to the rounded vowel. The results suggest that the onset of the labial rounding gesture is controlled in relation to the temporal extent of the nonlabial duration preceding the rounded vowel and that the onset of activity for the rounded vowel is somehow related to the stress of the preceding nonround vowel. These results argue against the classic articulatory syllable model as well as against a concept of the onset of rounding being temporally locked to the rounded vowel. They can be argued to support a look-ahead or scanning model.

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260014

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recently obtained data from X-ray microbeam experiments indicate inherently multidimensional articulatory phenomena with respect to temporal characteristics of speech. Elementary gestures in different articulatory dimensions for phonetic elements, typically representing demisyllabic transitions, constitute the content of a phrasal frame.

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260015

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied American English speech rhythm using reiterant speech with the prosody of normal speech but without its segmental variations. Syllable duration was strongly influenced by stress and by final positions in words and phrases, but negligibly by nonfinal positions within words and phrases. Word duration increased linearly with word size, and varied with stress pattern for words of constant size. Metrical foot duration increased approximately linearly with foot size. Feet of the same type and size were of constant duration.

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260016

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two experiments were conducted to examine the manner in which utterance-final lengthening is exhibited by the durations of words containing various fricatives and vowels in different phonetic environments. In experiment 1, utterance-final lengthening was measured for words containing the fricatives /f/, /v/, /s/, and /z/ in word-initial, word-medial, and word-final positions in both phrase-final and utterance-final locations. The results showed small amounts of utterance-final lengthening for words containing fricatives in word-initial and word-medial positions, with much greater elongation when fricatives appeared in word-final position. In experiment 2, utterance-final lengthening was measured for words containing a word-medial long versus short vowel followed by a word-final voiced versus voiceless stop consonant. The results showed a greater amount of utterance-final lengthening for words containing a terminal voiced versus voiceless stop. The findings are discussed in terms of constraints on the speaker’s programming of segment durations in sentence context

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260017

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

EMG data from the musculus palatoglossus and the m. levator veli palatini as well as velograph recordings of velic movement in the production of plosives in German are discussed. The results point to the articulation of lenis plosives being controlled by a slower raising and a faster lowering of the velum than in the case of fortis plosives, within a fairly constant time frame for the complete movement. A simple neural programme is postulated consisting of a control for the macro-timing and for two movement patterns within it.

ISSN:0031-8388    

DOI:10.1159/000260018

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger