ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Psychotherapy services face increasing demand but are vulnerable to critical scrutiny by service purchasers seeking evidence of cost‐effectiveness. Psychotherapy research, although it can benefit practitioners, cannot adequately address these concerns because of poor external validity and it is argued that complementary strategies are needed. A number of service‐based evaluative methods are reviewed and the distinctions clarified between service evaluation, operational research, professional audit, service audit, quality assurance and total quality management. Maxwell's (1984) six category framework is used to examine a number of issues in psychotherapy services including the assessment process, treatment‐of‐choice decisions, predicting negative effects of treatment, dose–response in psychotherapy, brief interventions, therapist competence, clinical significance, cost effectiveness and measures of psychotherapy service inputs, process and outcomes. This review advocates reflective practice within a self‐evaluating psychotherapy service and a systemic approach which can take account of the perspectives of patients, purchasers, service managers, referrers and pr

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The current study provides an overview of a study assessing the psychological and somatic health adjustment of Lebanon War veterans one, two and three years after the war, comparing combat stress reactions (CSR) casualties with controls. Findings indicated that combat‐related psychopathology was overwhelmingly more prevalent among CSR casualties than among their matched controls one, two and three years after war. In addition, the passage of time had no effect on the relative psychiatric symptomatology, social functioning, self‐efficacy, and somatic complaints in either of the two study groups. This stable mental health status of the CSR casualty over the three years of the study contrasts with the observed decline in trauma‐related distress in the third year. Results are discussed in terms of the emotional sequelae of war t

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of fear contrast effects was investigated in a laboratory study of fearful people. A total of 65 university students were exposed on separate occasions to two fearful stimuli (spiders and snakes). The first exposure session was manipulated so that experimental groups differed in the amount of fear evoked by the stimulus (high fear, moderate fear and low fear). Exposure to the second animal was designed to produce a moderate level of fear in all subjects. During exposure to the animals, measures of subjective fear and heart rate were taken. Compared to a control group of subjects who experienced moderate fear on two occasions, a prior high fear experience led to a decrease in fear of the second stimulus, and a prior low fear experience led to an increase in fear of the second stimulus. The increase in fear in the latter group was evident in both subjective and physiological indices of fear, but in the high fear group the contrast was evident only in subjective fear.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Functional models of face processing have indicated that dissociations exist between the various processes involved, e.g. between familiar face recognition and matching of unfamiliar faces, and between familiar face recognition and facial expression analysis. These models have been successfully applied to the understanding of the different types of impairment that can exist in neuropsychological patients. In the present study, aspects of face processing in psychiatric patients were investigated in relation to Bruce&Young's (1986) model. Based on this functional model different predictions can be made. We contrast here the impaired expression analysis hypothesis, which is that psychiatric patients would show a deficit in facial expression recognition, but not in facial identity recognition or unfamiliar face matching, with the generalized deficit hypothesis, that patients would be impaired on all tasks. These hypotheses were examined using three forced‐choice tasks (facial recognition, facial expression recognition, and unfamiliar face matching) which were presented to schizophrenic and depressed patients, and to non‐patient controls. Results showed that schizophrenic patients performed at a significantly lower level than non‐patient controls on all three tasks, supporting the generalized deficit hypot

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between crisis support and psychiatric symptomatology among adult survivors in the year following the Jupiter cruise ship disaster. Evidence is presented that support decreases over the following year, and that higher levels of crisis support are strongly related to better psychological outcome. Crisis support is shown to retain its association with symptomatology even when satisfaction with support is partialled out. These data are discussed with reference to the debate over the relative importance of received vs. perceived support.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 46 patients who had undergone surgery for the relief of temporal lobe epilepsy were tested on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) and two traditional tests of memory. The patient and a relative or close friend were also asked to complete a questionnaire about the everyday memory problems experienced by the patients. Scores on the RBMT failed to distinguish between patients who had undergone either a traditionalen bloctemporal lobectomy or a more restricted resection, the amygdalo‐hippocampectomy, although scores on one of the traditional memory tests did. Epilepsy‐related variables did not alter the outcome of data analyses. Only relatives' questionnaire ratings of patients' memory correlated with patients' scores on the R

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attributional style was investigated in remitted affective disorder patients (23 unipolars and 26 bipolars) and 26 non‐psychiatric controls. We found a specific cognitive vulnerability in unipolars. Unipolars attributed negative events to causes that were more stable – but not more internal nor more global – than bipolars and controls, and did not attach more importance to these events. Attributional vulnerability seemed more apparent in patients with longer histories of depre

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Subjects suffering from persecutory delusions, psychiatric controls and normal subjects were required to recall immediately six passages of prose, half of which contained mildly threatening propositions. Deluded subjects recalled fewer propositions overall but more propositions of specifically threatening content. These findings suggest that the role of recall bias in persecutory delusions merits further study.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Physiotherapy patients' perceptions of personal control over recovery (during rehabilitation) have been shown to be predictive of their progress. An experimental letter, consisting of the routine appointment letter plus some paragraphs designed to increase perceived control, was sent to 39 randomly selected patients prior to their first appointment. The remaining 32 control patients received the routine letter only. Approximately one week after each patient's first appointment, all patients were interviewed. The group to whom the experimental letter had been sent were found, on average, to have significantly higher levels of perceived control and tended to be more satisfied with information than the control group. There were no significant differences between groups on accuracy of expectations of physiotherapy. It is suggested that this type of communication given prior to treatment might lead to patients making better and faster progress with recovery. However, this possibility needs to be investigated by further study.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY