摘要:

The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effects of the premenstrual cycle phase on autonomic arousal. In a repeated measurement study 40 female subjects were tested premenstrually and postmenstrually for their autonomic reactivity during stress (cold pressor test, mental arithmetic) and for their acquisition of conditioned electrodermal responses, using a standardized auditory conditioning procedure. None of the differences between the cycle phases were significant. Similar results were obtained in the subjects' answers in a mood adjective list and their stimulus ratings. There was a general decrease in autonomic reactivity from the first to tdhe second recording session, independent of the menstrual cycle periods.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Shortly before discharge, 50 alcoholic inpatients completed an ‘objective’ measure of alcohol dependence, the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, and a ‘subjective’ measure, taken largely from questions previously used by Schaefer (1971). At six‐month follow‐up, there was a significant difference in the subjective measure between patients who had maintained harm‐free drinking and those who had returned to some form of harmful drinking, but no significant relationship was observed for the SADQ. It is concluded that relapse following treatment is better predicted by the subjective measure than by the objective measure of dependence and the implications of this for theories of rela

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Food Additives and Hyperactive Children(Conners, 1980) is the first book‐length attempt to evaluate Feingold's additive and salicylate‐free Kaiser‐Permenente diet for the treatment of hyperactive children, and as such it requires critical scrutiny. The studies reported in the book appear to be open to criticism from a number of points of view. It is argued that the studies as reported do not constitute a methodologically adequate test of Feingold's hypothesis that many hyperactive children are hypersensitive to artificial colours and flavours and other chemical additives and naturally occurring substances in foods and that it is thus premature to reject the hypothesis on the grounds presented here. It is argued, further, that Feingold's approach to the environmental aetiology of childhood hyperactivity is too limited and may for this reason lead to a failure to discover and eliminate other possible environmental causes of this increasingly prevalent cond

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Head‐turning by a nine‐year‐old multiply handicapped profoundly retarded child (highest item passed on the Mental Scale of the Bayley Infant development test: 2·6 months; highest item passed on Motor Scale of Infant development test: 0· month) was reinforced by a variety of potential reinforcers: auditory; vibratory; social; visual. In addition various elicitation and shaping procedures were employed. Relative to base‐line performance only visual reinforcement produced a substantial increase in head‐turning. This finding is discussed in terms of the compatibility of operant and reinforcer and is related to the recent literature on constraints and predispositions in learning. The extent to which visual reinforcement also had eliciting effects is considered and further experimental controls and operation

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present investigation assessed the effectiveness of a behavioural‐communications marital intervention package focused solely upon negative behaviours. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated via two independent, within‐subject multiple base‐line designs. Four target behaviours, selected on the basis of clinical and laboratory assessment, were sequentially and cumulatively introduced over the course of an eight‐week treatment programme. Multimodal assessment techniques included self‐report, spouse‐report, and direct observations of laboratory‐based interactions. While slight differences occurred between measurement systems, all results attested to the efficacy of the therapeutic package. One‐year follow‐up data continued to indicate maintenance of treatment gains over time. These findings were discussed with regard to decelerative targets of intervention, and recommendations were made for continued investiga

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been proposed that suicidal wishes in depressed patients can be reduced by modifying hopelessness (Becket al., 1979). Hopelessness, as measured by Beck's Hopelessness Scale, has been shown to correlate strongly with suicidal indices in clinical groups. However, normative data from depressed patients are lacking. Moreover, it has yet to be shown that hopeless individuals manifest the specific cognitive distortions on which cognitive therapy focuses. Eighty‐six newly referred patients with primary depression completed the Hopelessness Scale. Results indicate that pessimism is common among depressed patients, although there can be considerable individual differences. Factor analysis revealed five cognitive factors which need replication from larger studies. In a second study, 20 depressed patients were interviewed to assess the significance of different levels of hopelessness. Greater hopelessness was associated both with an increase in suicidal wishes and with more negative expectations about real‐life problems. These findings emphasize the importance of hopelessness in depressed suicidal patients, and provide indirect support for the intervention proposals advanced by cognitive theori

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The application of syndrome analysis in clinical practice has tended to rely on rather qualitative diagnoses by the neuropsychologist. The present paper proposes the use of a decision theory method which enables a systematic approach to be made to neuropsychological diagnosis. It is argued that the proposed method not only aids diagnostic decision making but also enables probabilities to be associated with particular prognostic statements. In this way the method is useful for guiding testing procedures and optimizing treatment programmes for particular patients.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the currently popular hypothesis that agoraphobics utilize repression as a method of avoiding anxiety‐arousing cognitions. Contrary to previous expectations, none of the sample scored in the repression direction of Byrne's Repression/Sensitization Scale. Controversially, an opposite view of agoraphobics as sensitizers emerges from these dat

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY