摘要:

This review is concerned with the individual and group treatment of clients who present with a history of sexual abuse in childhood. Almost all of the literature regarding the individual treatment of these clients is based on clinical reports; very little is experimentally based. Most of the reports of group treatment are of a similar nature, although some outcome research data are included. The clinical consensus, in terms of the issues, stages, goals and techniques of therapy, is described. In addition, an overview is provided of the identification of clients who may have a history of CSA, which includes guidelines for assisting disclosure. Finally, the issues raised for therapists in treating these clients are addressed. Much of the material reviewed in this article refers to the treatment of female, and in particular incestuously abused, victims; at the time of writing, very little information was available regarding the treatment of male victims.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The social reasoning of patients suffering from persecutory delusions and matched groups of depressed and normal controls was investigated using the framework of Kelley's (1967) theory of social attribution. Subjects were required to choose between person, circumstances and stimulus attributions for a series of social vignettes describing interactions between two persons. The vignettes varied in terms of the distinctiveness, consistency and consensus information supplied, as well as in respect of whether the actions described were positively or negatively valued. It was found that the deluded patients made excessive person attributions for negative events. It was also found that the deluded patients were excessively certain about their judgements compared to the depressed controls. Normal subjects tended to rate their certainty in their own judgements midway between the deluded and depressed patients.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00915.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty patients who had taken an overdose of drugs within the previous 24 hours completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States scale. Their scores were compared with two age‐matched samples: 31 medical patients and 71 non‐patient controls. Overdose patients had significantly higher stable and global attributions for negative events than controls, but were no different in attribution for positive events. They were also more disturbed in their mood, but their level of mood disturbance did not correlate with levels of attribution. Thirty‐two of the overdose group were followed up one week later, by which time there had been a reliable downward shift in mood. However, there was no corresponding reliable shift in attributions, which remained significantly higher than normal. These results suggest that attributions may be important in determining how self‐poisoners cope with life‐events, but the relationship with mood is complex; attributions are not simply mood‐dependent, nor is mood level or recovery simply attributio

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Indented Paragraph reading test has been presented as a useful screening test for identifying hemispatial neglect, as it has been reported to be more sensitive to mild neglect than text with a predictable format (Caplan, 1987). The number of errors made by 42 right hemisphere‐damaged stroke subjects on this test was compared with their performance on text with straight margins and unpredictable text, where both right and left margins were irregularly indented. The inter‐rater reliability of the paragraphs was checked for 23 subjects. The scores from the three paragraphs were significantly correlated, and all were able to detect mild neglect. Inter‐rater reliability was higher when identifying moderate and severe levels of neglect than mild neglect. Performance on the Indented Paragraph was also compared with that on the Star Cancellation and Article Reading subtests of the Behavioural Inattention Test in a separate group of 56 right hemisphere stroke subjects and found to classify patients differ

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Certain oral as well as visual language disorders now appear characteristic of the developmental dyslexia syndrome. Recent research has revealed word‐finding difficulties in dyslexic children but has left unanswered questions about specificity and causality. Verbal and non‐verbal fluency in dyslexics and non‐dyslexic CA‐ and RA‐matched controls were measured by means of cued lexical retrieval and stick design tasks. Evidence for dyslexia‐related difficulties was found only at the word form level of access. At the semantic level, dyslexics' word finding was superior. Non‐verbal (design) fluency was normal. Such findings implicate long‐term linguistic memory processes in dyslexia and are consistent with neurocognitive models that emphasize diffuse left hemisph

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although social skills training is now a common form of intervention with young offenders, there is limited evidence that social skills deficits are directly related to delinquency. We examined the relationship between social skills and degree of past involvement in delinquent activities among a group (N= 37) of young offenders. Social skills were assessed both by self‐report and by a behavioural test. The results indicate no relationship between social skills deficits, as assessed by either method, and degree of delinquent behaviour. Delinquency and social skills also exhibited quite different patterns of relationship with measures of personality, lending further support to the conclusion that social skills deficits as currently construed are not causally related to delinquenc

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature on coping with mental illness is reviewed. A study is reported which was designed to operationalize and measure the responses to chronic psychiatric illness of denial or adoption of a sick role outlined by Wing&Morris (1981) and Shepherd (1984) and to investigate their correlates and relationship to identity as measured by Thompson (1988). On the basis of existing literature, it was anticipated that subjects who identified themselves as ‘community members' would tend to cope by denial of psychiatric problems whilst those seeing themselves as a ‘typical psychiatric patient’ would exaggerate their disabilities. Although both types of reponse and identity were found within the group studied, this prediction was not confirmed: responses of patients to their illness were independent of identity, and had different sets of correlates. As compared with ‘exaggerators’, ‘deniers' tended to have social networks within the hospital, and showed higher self‐esteem and less subjective distress. Community identity, on the other hand, was related to actually going into the community, better overall functioning (especially in the areas of social activities and community skills), and poorer compliance with medication. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised (WMS‐R) is often used in combination with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Revised (WAIS‐R). The clinician must determine whether variation between Indexes and IQs is due to measurement error, or whether it reflects real discrepancies in underlying abilities. This article presents a table of statistically significant differences between WMS‐R Indexes and WAIS‐R IQs. Although psychometric difficulties and procedural limitations render the tabled values somewhat inaccurate, the values can nevertheless be used to augment clinic

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY