摘要:

This paper advocates discarding the notion ofclinical psychology as an applied science, with its emphasis upon the use of prevalidated procedures of assessment and treatment. The grounds are that, in scientific principle, there is no difference between practical clinical work and research. Each aims at maximizing the accuracy of our ideas about psychological dysfunctions and their manipulation, both therapeutic and experimental. They differ in: (i) their general purpose; and (ii) the greater accuracy of research. One should therefore think in terms of a scientific approach to practical clinical psychology, conceptualizing it asa branch of psychological science.Inassessment, the research finding of the relative specificity of psychological responses leads to (i) describing and explaining each patient's particular psychological dysfunctions; (ii) using information‐seeking interviews supplemented by the few validated procedures, and (iii) seeking guidance from general psychological and interview research and from general scientific method. Intreatment, the main consequence is the development, in the course of clinical work, of therapies which: (i) derive from general psychological and clinical research; (ii) are dysfunction‐oriented; (iii) are critically eclectic; (iv) monitor outcome; and (v) evaluate therapists' behaviour. Finally, the scientific approach requires evaluation studies of both assessment and treatm

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Expectations of residual function (and of potential therapeutic outcome) after brain damage are important factors in the selection of rehabilitation programmes. Drawing upon reports of what we call here association learning and memory in humans and animals, it is shown that this type of learning remains intact and may be mediated by subcortical brain structures, despite the often severe cognitive blunting which accompanies diffuse cortical brain damage. In retarded humans the application of association learning‐based behaviour modification techniques may lead to the development of an adequate behavioural base‐line on which to develop cognitive rehabilitation programmes. The implications of potentially valid neuropsychological extrapolations from animals to man are discussed. Finally suggestions are made concerning the interaction between association learning and more cognitive information‐processing strategies, and the implications for behaviour modifications with retarded and head injured are consi

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between three different methods of assessing memory impairment: cognitive tests, questionnaires, and observational rating scales, was assessed in 20 dysmnesic alcoholic in‐patients. The cognitive tests were subdivided into those which measured everyday memory skills and those which were traditional experimental‐laboratory tasks. All three methods were highly intercorrelated and the correlation between practical and experimental cognitive tests was also high. Memory test scores were not as highly correlated with either performance on perceptual‐motor tasks or full‐s

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper summarizes some of the evidence that particular features of jobs are associated with particular types of neurotic symptoms, in a way consistent with broader views both of cognitive psychology and biological studies of stress. Particular emphasis is placed on interactive effects of certain characteristics of individuals, making them more or less vulnerable to stress.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines some aspects of the psychometric adequacy of existing self‐report depression measures, so that clinicians might better appreciate their reliability and validity. Issues addressed include the desirability of moderate rather than maximum test‐retest and item homogeneity/internal consistency estimates; the distinction between measurement at the surface syndrome level vs. that at the fundamental source state/trait level; the importance of appropriate rather than arbitrary factor analytic procedures; and the need for multivariate measures instead of the single‐scale instruments so often employed to measure depression in isolation from interacting emotions such as anxiety or stress. Apart from these more general issues, a number of specific criticisms is considered, along with recommendations for better self‐report measures of dep

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recovered unipolar depressed patients were compared with recovered anxious and non‐psychiatric controls in depressed and neutral mood induction conditions to test the hypothesis that depression‐prone individuals would demonstrate more negative cognitions with mild mood changes. Only the non‐psychiatric controls showed significant mood changes and the hypothesis was not supp

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Golombok‐Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) is a short 28‐item questionnaire for assessing the existence and severity of sexual problems. The design, construction and item analysis of the GRISS are described. It is shown to have high reliability and good validity for both the overall scales and the subsca

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study aimed to test the prediction, arising out of Abramsonet al.'s (1978) reformulated learned helplessness model of depression, that depressed individuals have significantly different attributions about the causes of events from non‐depressed individuals. No support was found for this hypothesis when comparing a depressed psychiatric sample with a matched normal group. Several hypotheses are offered to account for the failure to agree with previous studie

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Development of Attachment and Affiliative Systems.Edited byRobert N. Emde&Robert J. Harmon.The Bereweeke Skill Teaching System.ByJudith Jenkins, David Felce, Jim Mansell, Connie Flight&Don Dell.Radical Approaches to Social Skills Training.Edited byP. Trower.Psychological Aspects of the Care of Hospitalised Patients.Edited byL. Robinson.Investigating Psychology — A Practical Approach for Nursing.ByL. A. Wattley&D. J. Muller.Eating and its Disorders.Edited byA. J. Stunkard&E. Stellar.An Introduction to Therapeutic Communities.ByD. Kennard with J. Roberts.The Situation is Hopeless but not Serious: The Pursuit of Unhappiness.ByP. Watzlawic

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb01316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY