摘要:

Studies using response profile treatment matching in the phobic disorders are reviewed. It is argued that the research effort to date is plagued by a multitude of methodological problems which bring into question the validity of the major findings. While there have clearly been some encouraging data, too many inconsistent results exist to offer unqualified endorsement of the procedure. At this point, the optimum strategy for clinicians would appear to involve the inclusion of a treatment component consistent with the dominant response system of the individual patient, but not at the expense of well‐established procedures (e.g. graduatedin vivoexposure

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the frequency with which violence by psychiatric in‐patients was preceded by aversive interpersonal stimulation. The precursors of 63 assaults by psychiatric patients on nurses were studied using semi‐structured interviews conducted within 72 hours of the assault. Reliability data were collected from staff witnesses and assaultive patients in a subgroup of assaults. Eighty‐six per cent of the assaults were immediately preceded by the assaulted nurse having delivered an aversive stimulus to the patient, e.g. frustration, activity demand or physical contact. There were significant associations between diagnosis and the type of aversive stimulation which preceded assaults. Interpersonal factors and diagnosis therefore seem to play a significant role in most violence in psychiatric hospitals and only a minority of patients behave aggressively in the absence of aversive stimulation. An explanation of the link between psychosis and aggressive behaviour in terms of distorted social cognition is disc

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three related studies are presented focusing on the development of a short 32‐item version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Study 1 presents the procedures for item selection on the IIP short version; Study 2 presents a confirmatory analysis of the IIP short version on an independent sample; and Study 3 provides preliminary normative (general population and out‐patient) data and additional evidence of the psychometric properties of the IIP short form. The results suggest that the short version sacrifices little compared to the original 127‐item version in terms of its psychometric properties while being considerably more convenient for routine clinical pra

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over 250 patients from three complementary medicine practices—acupuncture, osteopathy and homoeopathy‐completed a questionnaire rating 20 potential reasons for seeking complementary treatment. The reasons that were most strongly endorsed were ‘because I value the emphasis on treating the whole person’; ‘because I believe complementary therapy will be more effective for my problem than orthodox medicine’; ‘because I believe that complementary medicine will enable me to take a more active part in maintaining my health’; and ‘because orthodox treatment was not effective for my particular problem’.Five factors were identified, in order of importance: a positive valuation of complementary treatment, the ineffectiveness of orthodox treatment for their complaint, concern about the adverse effects of orthodox medicine, concerns about communication with doctors and, of less importance, the availability of complementary medicine. Groups were compared, using analysis of covariance to control for demographic differences between the three patient groups.Osteopathy patients' reasons indicated they were least concerned about the side effects of orthodox medicine and most influenced by the availability of osteopathy for their complaints. Homoeopathy patients were most strongly influenced by the ineffectiveness of orthodox medicine for their complaints, a fact which was largely accounted for by the chronicity of their complaints. Results are discussed in terms of the limited research in this area. Future studies should separate the reasons for beginning complementary treatment from the reasons for continuing it. It is possible, for instance, that the failure of orthodox medicine is the strongest motive for seeking complementary treatment but that, once treatment has been experienced, other more positive factors be

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined different attitudes towards health and illness among an adult, working, German population. Two hundred and two subjects completed a questionnaire which assessed such beliefs as control over one's health; preventative and restorative measures in staying healthy; perceived efficacy of orthodox vs. complementary medical treatment; the underlying physiological or psychological bases of illnesses, and health consciousness. There was some evidence that females were more inclined to attend complementary forms of treatment, and that younger persons were more likely to consult an orthodox general practitioner, otherwise demographic variables were unrelated to preference for orthodox or complementary forms of treatment. Overall, the complementary medicine (CM) group compared to the general practitioner (GP) group were more critical and sceptical of the effectiveness of orthodox medicine; they felt their health could be improved; they were more loyal to their practitioner, and appeared to display more ecologically aware life‐styles. Thus clients who select complementary forms of treatment may do so less from disenchantment with, and bad experience of, orthodox medical techniques rather than from a deep‐seated belief in the effectiveness of complementary medic

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Causal attributions for their offending, and for sexual arousal and sexual behaviour, were investigated for 50 males convicted of child sex offences. These attributions were compared with those obtained from 150 males convicted of one of three other criminal offences: rape, property offences and violent offences against persons. In semi‐structured interviews, the Offence and Sexual Arousal and Behaviour Attribution Questionnaires were administered. Offenders offered causal attributions for their offending and for their sexual arousal, and they rated these causes on attribution dimensions. Results showed that child sex offenders attributed both their offending and their sexual arousal to internal, stable and uncontrollable causes. Rapists and property offenders attributed their offending behaviour to external, stable and uncontrollable causes; and violent offenders to internal, stable and uncontrollable causes. In contrast to child sex offenders, the other three groups all attributed their sexual arousal and sexual behaviour to external, unstable and controllable causes. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for intervention programme

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two samples of adequately detoxified hospital‐treated alcohol abusers were neuropsychologically assessed for alcohol‐related cognitive impairment. Both groups manifested the commonly found impairments on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (N= 50) and the Revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (N= 44). In addition, an almost identical pattern of substantial impairment was found when both groups were examined by Russell's (1975, 1988) version of the logical memory and visual reproduction subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale. A clear pattern of memory impairment for both verbal and non‐verbal memory was

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Symptom Questionnaire is a simple and quick measure of emotional state; previous work has indicated that the Questionnaire has good reliability and validity. However the original sample on which it was based was small, and exclusively North American. Data from a large sample (N= 707) of British psychiatric inpatients, out‐patients, day hospital attenders, and a non‐patient population sample are presented. Consistent differences between the patient and non‐patient samples were obtained on the scales, with a few exceptions; there were no significant differences due t

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We examined relations between the cognitive/personality model of sociotropy (SOC) and autonomy (AUT; Beck, 1983) and the affect/personality model of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA; Tellegen, 1985; Watson&Clark, 1984, 1992), and their relations to two proposed depression subtypes (Beck, 1983) in 60 adult depressed out‐patients. SOC and NA scores shared significant common variance while facets of AUT and low PA were moderately related. Autonomous depressive symptoms appeared more depression‐specific than sociotropic depressive symptoms. Findings did not confirm the usefulness of sociotropy and autonomy in the prediction of the symptom clusters, possibly due to the measurement of the depressive symptom clust

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The heterogeneity of schizotypal traits, suggested in previous research, was further investigated in a sample of subjects (N= 1095) administered a composite questionnaire consisting of a large number of published scales the majority of which were designed to measure psychotic characteristics. Factor analysis confirmed the four components previously indicated in our work with the same instrument; namely, ‘aberrant perceptions and beliefs’, ‘cognitive disorganization’, ‘introvertive anhedonia’ and ‘asocial behaviour’. This structure was maintained regardless of whether or not the analysis included scales from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, which might otherwise have been held to explain the variance. ‘Aberrant perceptions and beliefs’—reminiscent of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia was the strongest component; but, given the multidimensional nature of the data, together with the pattern of factor loadings and intercorrelations for the scales involved, it was concluded that the broader term ‘psychosis‐proneness’ or ‘psychoticism’ (in a non‐Eysenckian sense) might be a better descriptor of the clinic

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY